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The Puzzle of Life

The Puzzle of Life. Fossils. Bio Chemistry. we can expect the DNA, RNA, and proteins of closely related species to show more similarities than those of distantly related species.  

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The Puzzle of Life

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  1. The Puzzle of Life

  2. Fossils

  3. Bio Chemistry • we can expect the DNA, RNA, and proteins of closely related species to show more similarities than those of distantly related species.   • For example, the entire cytochrome c sequence is identical in humans and chimpanzees.  It differs by 1 amino acid in rhesus monkeys, 18 in chickens, 19 in turtles, and 56 in yeasts.   • Cytochrome C Sequence Whale          G D V E K G K K I F V Q K C A Q C H T V E K G G K H K T G P N L H G L F G R K T G Q A V G F S Y T D AWolf             G D V E K G K K I F V Q K C A Q C H T V E K G G K H K T G P N L H G L F G R K T G Q A P G F S Y T D A Shark           G D V A K G K KT F V Q K C A Q C H T V E N G G K H KV G P N L W G L F G R K T G Q A E GY S Y T D A

  4. Vestigial Organs • Organisms often have structures that have lost much or all of their original function through evolution but are similar to functional organs in other organisms.   •  The presence of such organs enables scientists to determine past and present relationships between groups of organisms. • Vestigial structures found in humans include • third eyelid (nictitating membrane), • appendix, tail vertebrae (coccyx), • ear muscles. •  Also, vestigial structures found in whales include a pelvis and femur bones.  Wolves have a pelvis and femur; sharks do not.

  5. Comparative Anatomy: Homologous Structures

  6. Comparative Anatomy: Analogous Structures

  7. Comparative Anatomy

  8. Behavior

  9. Embryology

  10. Whales evolved from land mammals • Whales and wolves are more closely related! • Then WHY are sharks and whales so similar???

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