1 / 24

Anatomy for sport and Exercise

Anatomy for sport and Exercise. Kevin Browne. Learning Objectives. For all students to identify the three types of muscle For all students to be able to provide one example for each type of muscle For some students to understand the microscopic structure of different types of muscle.

rsanford
Télécharger la présentation

Anatomy for sport and Exercise

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Anatomy for sport and Exercise Kevin Browne

  2. Learning Objectives • For all students to identify the three types of muscle • For all students to be able to provide one example for each type of muscle • For some students to understand the microscopic structure of different types of muscle. • For all students to identify the 2 types of skeletal muscle fibres • For some students to be able to sporting examples for each type of skeletal muscle fibre

  3. Starter exercise BRAINSTROM: To write as many skeletal muscles in the body as you know. Biceps

  4. Muscle classification Muscles are involved in every movement in your body. This includes the beating of your heart and the digestion of your food, as well as activities like running, jumping and lifting. Muscle is a special type of tissue made up of fibres that contract (shorten) and relax (lengthen). There are three types of muscle tissue.

  5. 3 Types of muscle tissue • Cardiac muscle • Smooth (Involuntary) muscle • Skeletal (Voluntary) muscle

  6. Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle is a special type of muscle that forms the walls of the heart chambers. It is a type of involuntary muscle, as it contracts without conscious thought or effort. As long as the heart is healthy, cardiac muscle never gets tired. Under a microscope cardiac muscle also appears striped.

  7. Cardiac Muscle - Structure A photomicrograph of a section of cardiac muscle showing the individual fibres. It is very similar in structure to voluntary muscle but filaments interconnect - this allows for rhythmic contraction of the heart. Muscle cell nuclei

  8. Smooth (Involuntary) Muscle Involuntary muscle is found in and around organs such as the intestines, and around blood vessels. It works without you consciously controlling it, or even being aware of it. Under a microscope it appears smooth, with no stripes.

  9. Smooth Muscle - Structure A photomicrograph of a section of the small intestine to show smooth muscle.Individual muscle cells can be seen. (x400)

  10. Skeletal (Voluntary) Muscle The type of muscle responsible for moving your arms and legs is called voluntary muscle. • It is attached to bones. • It moves these bones under your conscious control. • It receives signals from your conscious brain via your nervous system. When these signals stop, the muscles relax again. Voluntary muscle is sometimes called striated muscle as it has a striped appearance.

  11. Voluntary Muscle - Structure A photomicrograph of a section of voluntary muscle showing the individual fibres and the banding pattern made by the filaments of actin and myosin. (x200)

  12. Quick quiz

  13. Muscles types All three types of muscle are important in physical activity: Voluntary muscle enables movement. Involuntary muscle is essential in maintaining body systems. It helps us move substances around the body, allowing us to keep cells supplied with oxygen and nutrients. Cardiac muscle is vital in sport because it makes the heart pump. The heart ensures that other muscles are well supplied with all the things they need to perform physical activities. Fitness training will strengthen cardiac muscle making the heart more efficient at pumping blood around the body.

  14. More about voluntary muscles Sport is mostly concerned with the 650 or so voluntary muscles (sometimes called skeletal muscles). • They give shape to your body. • They are responsible for moving your body. • They are attached to the bones of your skeleton by tendons. • They make up 40% of body weightin men, and slightly less in women because of their higher fat levels. • They are made up of cylindrical fibres composed of protein.

  15. Activity - Worksheet Complete the missing gaps.

  16. Muscle twitch fibres Muscles are made up of cells or fibres. It is these fibres that contract. The number of fibres that contract, and their thickness,determines the amount of force that is applied. There are two basic types of voluntary muscle fibre: Fast twitch fibres are paler. They contract quickly and powerfully, but tire easily. Slow twitch fibres are deep red. They contract slowly, but can work for long periods.

  17. Muscle twitch fibres Muscle twitch fibres occur in different proportions in different people. This proportion is mainly to do with the genes you inherit. The proportion can be altered to some extent by training. Suggest a mix for the sportspeople shown below.

  18. The Hare – Fast Twitch Muscle Fibres • Muscle Fibre Type Fast Twitch • Contraction Strength Very Powerful • Energy Production Anaerobic Respiration • Endurance Can only work for short periods • For Who? Ideal for Sprinters

  19. The Tortoise – Slow Twitch Muscle Fibres Slow Twitch • Muscle Fibre Type Weaker • Contraction Strength Aerobic Respiration • Energy Production Can work for long periods • Endurance • For Who? Ideal for Marathon Runners In the game of rugby, is it better to have all fast twitch muscle fibres, all slow twitch muscle fibres, or a combination of the two?

  20. Activity Write a list of sports, or sporting actions for fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibres Slow twitchFast twitch E.G. Marathon E.G. 100m

  21. Class Discussion • There are three main types of contractions what are they? • Give me a sporting example for each?

  22. Isometric Contractions • The muscle stays the samelength as it works. • As a result there is no movement. • The muscles in the back are a good example - the trapezius works in this way when maintaining our posture. • The hand push is another good example of isometric contraction. Force Force There is no movement!

  23. Concentric Contractions • Involves the muscle shortening and developing tension. • The origin and insertion of the muscle move closer together, and the muscle becomes ‘fatter’

  24. Eccentric Contractions • Involves the muscle lengthening and developing tension. • The origin and insertion of the muscle move further away from each other.

More Related