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Module 1.1 UNFCCC context and requirements and introduction to IPCC guidelines

This module explores the challenges and phased approaches for implementing MRV (Measurement, Reporting, and Verification) for REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). It discusses country examples, such as readiness preparation proposals, improving greenhouse gas inventories in Mexico, and the use of Tier 3 models for carbon accounting in Annex I countries.

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Module 1.1 UNFCCC context and requirements and introduction to IPCC guidelines

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  1. Module 1.1 UNFCCC context and requirements and introduction to IPCC guidelines Module developers: Martin Herold, Wageningen University Erika Romijn, Wageningen University Brice Mora, Wageningen University Country examples: • Review of FCPF country REDD+ readiness preparation proposals • Phased approach to improving greenhouse gas inventories in Mexico • Experiences from Annex I countries using Tier 3 models for carbon accounting V1, May 2015 Creative Commons License

  2. 1. Review of FCPF country REDD+ readiness preparation proposals ReadinessFund Carbon Fund Two funds from the World Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) • Capacity development vital in first two phases of REDD+

  3. Some insights in following a stepwise approach to develop a national forest monitoring system • Define institutional arrangements in an early stage to ensure longer term sustainability • Collaborate with international experts and South-South partners • Build on existing forest-monitoring capacities • Integrate monitoring for REDD+ with other forest-monitoring purposes • Prioritize REDD+ actions in relevant geographical areas and focus MRV capacity building on these specific drivers of deforestation • Learn from subnational implementation in pilot projects • Iterative process: use initial mapping activities to inform REDD+ strategy development and adjust the strategy and monitoring system accordingly Source: Lotsch 2012.

  4. Somechallengesforimplementing MRV • Inconsistency between national strategy development and technical forest-monitoring activities • Unclear guidance and inconsistent advice on MRV methodologies and approaches • Linking local monitoring (engagement of local communities) to a benefit distribution system for REDD+ • Policy decisions on REDD+, e.g., the forest definition or desired accuracy of reported numbers of forest area changes and emission estimates

  5. 2. Phased approach to improving greenhouse gas inventories in Mexico • Activity data: from national statistics to multiple spatially explicit land-use maps • Stratification: from 5 to 10 major forest classes • Emission factors: from data based on literature to 25,000 inventory plots of 1600 m2 • Emission estimates: from Tier 1 to Tier 2–3 (biomass) and Tier 2 (soil) Source: De Jong 2012.

  6. Phased approach to improving greenhouse gas inventories in Mexico • Major factors contributing to improvement: • Policiesformakingdata publicly available • Major challenges: • Frequent changes in key personnel • Competing interests • Steps for improvement: • Developing institutional capacities • Improvement in data acquisition and management • Integration of local data into a national database

  7. 3. Experiences from Annex I countries using Tier 3 models for carbon accounting • Operational-Scale Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector • National Carbon Accounting System of Australia

  8. A. Operational-Scale Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector Source: GOFC-GOLD 2014, fig. 3.1.2.

  9. Land cover change management practices Climate and soil inputs FullCAM Integrated modelling B. National Carbon Accounting System of Australia Source: GOFC-GOLD 2014, fig. 3.1.3

  10. Recommended modules as follow-up • Module 1.2 as a continuation of the UNFCCC context within a country and as guidance about building a national forest monitoring system for REDD+ • Modules 2.1 to 2.8 to continue with REDD+ measuring and monitoring • Modules 3.1 to 3.3 to learn more about REDD+ assessment and reporting

  11. References • De Jong, B. H. J. 2012. “Step-wise Approach to Improving Greenhouse Gas Inventories.” In Capacity Development in National Forest Monitoring: Experiences and Progress for REDD+, edited by B. Mora, M. Herold, V. De Sy, A. Wijaya, L. Verchot, and J. Penman, 47–52. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research. http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publication/3944.html. • GOFC-GOLD (Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics). 2014. A Sourcebook of Methods and Procedures for Monitoring and Reporting Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals Associated with Deforestation, Gains and Losses of Carbon Stocks in Forests Remaining Forests, and Forestation. (Often GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook.) Netherland: GOFC-GOLD Land Cover Project Office, Wageningen University. http://www.gofcgold.wur.nl/redd/index.php. • Hirata, Y., G. Takao, T. Sato, and J. Toriyama, eds. 2012. REDD-plus Cookbook: How to Measure and Monitor Forest Carbon. Tsukuba, Japan: REDD Research and Development Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. http://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/redd-rdc/en/reference/cookbook.html.

  12. IPCC, 2003. 2003 Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Penman, J., Gytarsky, M., Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Kruger, D., Pipatti, R., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., Tanabe, K., Wagner, F. (eds.). Published: IGES, Japan. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.html (Often referred to as IPCC GPG) • IPCC 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol4.html (Often referred to as IPCC AFOLU GL) • Lotsch, A. 2012. REDD+ “Readiness Preparation under the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility.” In Capacity Development in National Forest Monitoring: Experiences and Progress for REDD+, edited by B. Mora, M. Herold, V. De Sy, A. Wijaya, L. Verchot, and J. Penman, 63–68. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research. http://www.cifor.org/online-library/browse/view-publication/publication/3944.html • UNFCCC COP (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference of the Parties) Decisions. This module refers to and draws from various UNFCCC COP decisions. All COP decisions can be found from the UNFCCC webpage “Search Decisions of the COP and CMP.” http://unfccc.int/documentation/decisions/items/3597.php#beg.

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