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1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic 2 v1, v2- Flow change sign at critical point:

v1,v2-Flow probe Order of Phase Transition Horst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies. 1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic 2 v1, v2- Flow change sign at critical point: 1. & 2. Order Phase Transition (T,mu)- critical

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1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic 2 v1, v2- Flow change sign at critical point:

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  1. v1,v2-Flow probe Order of Phase Transition Horst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic 2 v1, v2- Flow change sign at critical point: 1. & 2. Order Phase Transition (T,mu)-critical 3 v1 Bounce-Off Excitation fct. Collapse @ 4 v2 Squeeze-Out Excitation fct. “ 2+2 to 8+8 AGeV 5 Machshock- angles measure speed of sound: the case for asymmetric collisions Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  2. RHIC-Time evolution in T-Mu_B Plane UrQMDBravina- looks thermal after 5 fm/c! Time-Evolution UrQMD L.Bravina 2Ecm=18Ecrit 4+4 2+2 mucrit 1. Order phase transition ? FK BiS RHIC Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  3. Ideal Hadron Gas: mu-crit@S/A=13-18! G. Zeeb BiS Fo-K BiS Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  4. Chiral SU(3) hadron model mu-crit@S/A=7-10! BiS D. Zschiesche, G. Zeeb Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  5. Isentropes of PNJL-model, C.Ratti Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  6. Chiral SU(3) Hadron model: Elab=10-40 AGeV D. Zschiesche, G. Zeeb Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  7. Baryon Flow as Barometer:BounceOff=v1= px/ptSqueezeOutv2=(px**2-py**2)/pt**2Pressure -> baryon‘sv1,v2 Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  8. Multi-Fluid-Hydrodynamics Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  9. 11GeV 3Dim-3Fluid B. Baeuchle, M.Bleicher, HST Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  10. 30GeV 3D3F Baeuchle, Bleicher, HST Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  11. 6 AGeV: Flow of Baryons linear: No Phase Transition -but also no single thermalized source! Strange Baryons flow ! But Pions & Strange Mesons K show Anti-flow! E895 Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  12. Hydro: if NO P.T.proton v1=px/ptrise linearlyBrachmann, Paech, Dumitru Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  13. Influence of secondary minimum in Ec(r) on the propagation of shock wavesStöcker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner 1974/75 Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  14. Collapse of Shock at Phase Transition in EoS D. Rischke NPA 610, c88 (‘96) Later dubbed “softest point” of EoS Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  15. hydro mu > mu-crit: 1.order transitionNegative v1-flow =Anti-Flow of protons at - > 11 AGeV It is in the protons. Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  16. Proton No data! Hydro [Csernai, HIPAGS’93] Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  17. Au+Au, 8GeV, b=3fm, Triple differential Cross section Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  18. ELab> 40 GeV/nucl - Recover Positive v1-Flow! Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  19. v1-proton 3DHydro: PROTON-AntiFlow AGS, FAIR, RHIC Extrapolated Data: Anti-Flow @ 30 AGeV: Hi-Mu-RHIC! Paech, Dumitru SIS AGS-data v1-sign change TWICE proves 1. Order & 2. Order at mu-crit Hi-mu RHIC data Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  20. Soff: UrQMD Predicts Proton v1 Rises Linearly with y & E - What do Data Say? Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  21. Proton “Anti-Flow” observed in Pb+Pb@ 40AGeV by NA49: Preliminary A. Wetzler v1 0 “Anti-Flow” discovered! -> 1. Order Phase Transition! Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  22. Baryon Flow as Barometer:BounceOff=v1= px/ptSqueezeOutv2=(px**2-py**2)/pt**2Pressure -> baryon‘sv1,v2 Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  23. v2(Elab): Elliptic flow excitation function UrQMD: Smooth Increase of v2 > 0 above 6 AGeV For both p and pi SPS AGS SIS Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  24. V2:40AGeV UrQMD PIONS Protons S. Soff Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  25. Results: Chiral Field  Paech, Dumitru, HST 1st order phase transition Critical Point Large Amplitude Field Fluctuations ! 1. O. PT NO 1.O. PT Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  26. Huge Fluctuations in Energy-(Baryon-) Density De e De e ~ 1 << 1 Paech, Dumitru, HST Critical Point 1st order phase transition Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  27. Fluctuations and flow: V2 Paech, Dumitru, HST AGS SPS RHIC v2 Hi-mu RHIC! De/e Inhomogeneities! E877 NA49 STAR Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  28. NA49: Collapse of V2(protons) at 40 AGeV 40 158 Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  29. Excitation Function: Elliptic flow NA49 PRC C68 034903 (2003) Collapse of proton flow at 40AGeV? provides universal scaling

  30. Flow - Excitation function over • 6 orders of magnitude • Three sign changes of v2 • Collapse of Flow • at 40 AGeV • onset of deconfinement • First order phase transition! Excitation Function of Elliptic Flow UrQMD RHIC SPS AGS Data UrQMD Min.bias Central GSI LBL Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  31. Thank You!!! Bjoern Baeuchle Barbara BetzITP Goethe Universität Frankfurt Marcus Bleicher Adrian Dumitru Kerstin Paech (now@NSCL,MSU) Hannah Petersen Dirk Rischke Stefan Schramm Gebhardt Zeeb Detlef Zschiesche (now@RIO de Janeiro) Elena Bratkovskaya FIAS- Junior Fellow Xianglei Zhu FIGSS- Student from Tsinghua U. Claudia Ratti ECT* Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  32. Flow - THE BAROMETER for the EoS from SIS via MuRHIC & FAIR to LHCHorst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic 2 v1 Bounce-Off Excitation function 4-12 collapse 3 v2 Squeeze-Out Excitation function 4-12 GeV 4 Dependence of v1, v2 Flow on the EoS - 1. & 2. Order Phase Transition (T,mu)-critical Hi-mu-RHIC from 2+2 to 8+8 AGeV 5 Machshock- angle measure speed of sound: the case for asymmetric collisions Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  33. Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  34. Hi-mu Mach shock cones compress nuclei-the case for asymmetric collisions Baumgardt, Schott, Sakamoto, Schopper, Stöcker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner, Z. Phys. A273 (1975) 359 Oxygen cause Mach cone in Nuclei Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  35. Nuclear Mach Shock Waves collapse in 1.O. PT: Stöcker, Hofmann, Scheid, W.Greiner 1974/76 Bear Mountain 1974 2-4 AGeV/c Carbon on Silver Nuclear EoS Lee-Wick (m=0) state Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  36. Jets interact with the plasma exciting Machshock waves and plasma-wakes Mach shock -emission angle θrelative to jet axis: cos θ= cs/ vjet cs=0.3-0.4 in hadron matter cs= 0.57 for (m = 0) thermal QG plasma Stöcker 2004 Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  37. Deformations of quark&gluon- Machcones by FLOW due to high Pressure PQCDof QGP Collective flow of Plasma: Deformation of Mach cone Deflectionof it’s axis in the flow direction Away-side satellites skewed and broadened Satarov, Stöcker,Mishustin, Phys. Lett. B627 (2005) 64 Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  38. Mach shock cones in expanding QGP-flow: geometry dependence Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  39. Collective flow as “transverse storm” Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  40. Mach shock cones are shifted in expanding QGP-firestorm shifts should be directly broadening of the away-side maxima visible in 3-particle correlations Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  41. Split: Mach-angles depend on collective flow velocities u! Longitudinal expansion: Transverse Storm: „Wrong“ side Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  42. 50 GeV Jet in ALICE@LHC „b“= 3fm 1st O. QGP Paech Dumitru Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  43. Away–side jet suppression: centrality dependence (200 AGeV Au+Au) Phenix The minimum at PHENIX preliminary is not observed for Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  44. conical flow? 3-particle correlation pTtrig=3-4, pTassoc=1-2 GeV/c 2-particle corr, bg, v2 subtracted near near d+Au min-bias Df2 p Dφ2=φ2-φtrig Medium Medium away away 0 0 p mach cone Df1 Au+Au 10% Df2 Dφ2=φ2-φtrig p dN2/dΔφ1dΔφ2/Ntrig 0 deflected jets 0 p Df1 Dφ1=φ1-φtrig Three regions on away side: center = (p, p) ±0.4 corner = (p+1,p+1) ±0.4 x2 cone = (p+1,p-1) ±0.4 x2 difference in Au+Au average signal per radian2: center – corner = 0.3 ± 0.3 (stat) ± 0.4 (syst) center – cone = 2.6 ± 0.3 (stat) ± 0.8 (syst) d+Au and Au+Au elongated along diagonal: kT effect, and deflected jets? Distinctive features of conical flow are not seen in present data with these pT windows. Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main See talk, J. Ulery (section 3c)

  45. Signal Strengths d+Au Δ2 Au+Au Central 0-12% Triggered Δ1 Δ1 Δ2 • Evaluate signals by calculating average signals in the boxes. • Near Side, Away Side, Cone, and Deflected. Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  46. Thank You!!! Barbara BetzITP Goethe Universität Frankfurt Marcus Bleicher Adrian Dumitru Kerstin Paech (now@NSCL,MSU) Hannah Petersen Dirk Rischke Stefan Schramm Gebhardt Zeeb Detlef Zschiesche (now@RIO de Janeiro) Elena Bratkovskaya FIAS- Junior Fellow Xianglei Zhu FIGSS- Student from Tsinghua U. Claudia Ratti ECT* Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  47. Flow - THE BAROMETER for the EoS from SIS via MuRHIC & FAIR to LHCHorst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic 2 v1 Bounce-Off Excitation function 4-12 collapse 3 v2 Squeeze-Out Excitation function 4-12 GeV 4 Dependence of v1, v2 Flow on the EoS - 1. & 2. Order Phase Transition (T,mu)-critical Hi-mu-RHIC from 2+2 to 8+8 AGeV 5 Machshock- angle measure speed of sound: the case for asymmetric collisions Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  48. Jets interact in both, Plasma- and Hadron Phase! • Hadronic rescattering - responsible for how much energy loss? Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  49. expansion of small color transparency configuration:+ 50% hadronic quenching !+ 50% QGP needed Cassing, Gallmeister, CarstenGreiner: + 50% of pT -suppression due to hadron rescattering Rho + Proton suppression Plasma suppression Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

  50. Di-hadron correlations:how much suppression is due to hadronic FSI - final state interactions? T. Trainor Two-point velocity correlations among 1-2 GeV/c hadrons away-side jet jet   Parton correlations from Di-Jets translate into Di-hadron Correlations - Data suggest that parton correlations exist even in the "thermal“ regime, created as the result of energy loss of more energetic partons. Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main

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