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History of Drama

History of Drama . Final Exam Review. Hebrew/Egyptian Drama. Egyptian drama dates back to 3000 B.C. Drama means “to do” or “to act” Egyptian Drama revolved around religion. 5 Types of Plays. Medicinal Play -play about healing

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History of Drama

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  1. History of Drama Final Exam Review

  2. Hebrew/Egyptian Drama • Egyptian drama dates back to 3000 B.C. • Drama means “to do” or “to act” • Egyptian Drama revolved around religion

  3. 5 Types of Plays • Medicinal Play-play about healing • The Heb Sedwas a play celebrating the pharaoh's 30th year on the throne • Coronation Festival celebrated the crowning of a pharaoh • Isis, Osiris, and Set were the main characters in the Abydos Passion Play • Pyramid Plays-done to ensure safe passage into afterlife.

  4. Hebrew Drama • Job and Song of Songs both have dramatic structure • God and the devil are the first speakers in the book of Job. • No reference to definite theatre in Bible

  5. Staging • Blocking—the director’s planned movement for the actors • Stage Directions—usually included in the script, the entrances, exits, and some movements or expressions for the characters

  6. Staging: Body Positions

  7. Greek Drama • Golden Age of Greek Drama: 500-400 B.C. • Drama was sacred and religious in Greek culture. • Tragedy literally means “goat song” • Hubris is defined as excessive amounts of pride or arrogance • Deus ex machina is a machine used to fly in a god to “save the day” • Winners of the Dionysus festival won an ivy wreath

  8. Costuming • Robes • Raised Boots • Wigs • Masks

  9. Greek Chorus • Sang in unison • Wore masks • Changed in number depending on the playwright • Were constantly on stage

  10. Greek gods • Dionysus-god of wine, drama, and fertility • Zeus-king of the gods

  11. Greek Playwrights • Sophocles wrote Oedipus • Aeschylus-the Father of Greek Tragedy • Euripides is known as “The Great Humanizer” • Aristotle-wrote rules of drama called The Three Unities

  12. Theatron “Seeing Place” • Audience • Orchestra • Altar • Paraskenion • Skene

  13. Roman Drama-Terms • Acted on a raised stage called a pulpitum • Closet dramas were too graphic to be shown on stage. • A claque was a person paid to influence the audience • Romans focused on comedy in their plays.

  14. Roman Playwrights • Terence-first black playwright • Seneca-only major tragedian • Plautus-used Greek plays

  15. Roman Theatre’s Decline • Spectacles in the Coliseum and the fall of Rome in 476 A.D. lead to the fall of Roman Drama. • Theatres were banned

  16. Hindu Drama • Golden Age 500-300 B.C. • Plays written in Sanskrit • First culture to promote women actors • Always ended happily

  17. Chinese Drama • Themes of ancestor worship, military glory, faithfulness to husband • Women were forbidden to act until the 18th century • Costume colors signified a meaning

  18. Propaganda Period • Propaganda period began after WWII • Plays were used to promote government policy and Communism

  19. Japanese Drama: Noh • Formal • Characterized by sedate postures expressing an attitude • Polished floor with jars underneath for a unique sound

  20. Japanese Drama:Kubuki • Common man’s drama • Began in 1600 A.D. • Every movement has a meaning

  21. Kabuki Theatre • Trap Door • Revolving Stage • Extravagant Scenery • A “flowerway” for actors to enter

  22. Kabuki Costumes • Silk Costumes • Thick Makeup • Heavy Wigs

  23. Medieval Drama • Also called Dark Ages because of the lack of culture and growth after the fall of Rome

  24. Medieval Terms • Trope-short dramas turned into masses by the church • Hell’s Mouth was a stage device—a dragon jaw that would open with smoke and flames • Passion Play—Started in Oberammergau—depicted the life of Christ • Commedia dell’ Arte-professional improv

  25. Pageant Wagon • Plays performed in “cycles” • Double-Decker • Bottom used for costume changes • Similar to parade floats • Action on upper stage and on the street

  26. The M’s • Mummings • Mystery • Morality (Everyman) • Miracle • Manners

  27. Elizabethan Theatres • Famous Theatres: Globe, The Rose, The Swan—nicknamed “Wooden O’s”

  28. Elizabethan Staging • Balcony (for love scenes) • Tiring House (for exits) • Discovery Space (Small interior settings) • Platform surrounded by audience on three-sides • Open air for light—no artificial lighting used

  29. Groundlings • “Cheap Seats” • People stood in the space right in front of the stage • For everyday citizens (all were welcome to the theatre)

  30. Famous Playwrights • Christopher Marlowe—killed in a bar brawl at 29 • Ben Johnson—gifted in Satire • William Shakespeare—coined thousands of words and phrases; born in Stratford-on-Avon; had a wife and three kids; loved by Queen Elizabeth; 38 plays attributed to him

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