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Identity Based  Cryptography

Identity Based  Cryptography. James Higdon, Sameer Sherwani CpSc 624/424. Overview. Type of encryption mechanisms Types of encryptions Basic Identity based encryption Advantages Disadvantages Applications. Encryption.

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Identity Based  Cryptography

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  1. Identity Based  Cryptography James Higdon, Sameer Sherwani CpSc 624/424

  2. Overview • Type of encryption mechanisms • Types of encryptions • Basic Identity based encryption • Advantages • Disadvantages • Applications

  3. Encryption  - process of transforming information(plaintext) using a cipher (algorithm) to ciphertext. 

  4. Types of cryptographic mechanisms •  Key Authentication  • One way hash functions: MD5, SHA • Digital signatures: Verify user: DSA   •  Key exchange •  key distribution: Diffi-Hellman  •  Key generation •  Block Ciphers: DES/AES; ATM, passwords

  5. Types of keys(ciphers) • Symmetric keys • Traditional asymmetric keys  • Identity-based asymmetric keys •  Common public-key Algorithms  • ( RSA, Elliptic curve, Discrete logarithm based)  •  Explain difference between traditional and Identity based asymmetric keys

  6. Symmetric Encryption

  7. Asymmetric Encryption(Public Key Infrastructure - PKI)

  8. ID-based Encryption

  9. Identity based Encryption(IBE)   "identity-based"...  mainly about keys  The major differences between an identity-based  system and a traditional system are •  How to authenticate the key •  How to distribute the key •  How to use the key 

  10. Identity based Encryption(IBE) • A public-key encryption system in which an arbitrary string can be used as the public key. • Any personal information: • An e-mail address, a photo, and a postal address, etc • Any terms and conditions, such as a time etc • Developed by Adi Shamir in 1984 • However, the encryption schemes were not fully used or created until 2001.

  11. How it works • Private Keys are generated by a third party Private Key Generator (PKG) • PKG publishes a public master key and retains the private master key • With the correct ID, users can contact the PKG to obtain the private key • This way, messages may be encrypted without a prior distribution of keys between individuals 

  12. Advantages Reduces the complexity of the encryption process  • No certificates needed. A recipient's public key is derived from his identity. • No pre-enrollment required. • Keys expire, so they don't need to be revoked. In a traditional public-key system, keys must be revoked if compromised. • Less vulnerable to spam. • Enables postdating of messages for future decryption. • Enables automatic expiration, rendering messages unreadable after a certain date.

  13. Disadvantages • Requires a centralized server. IBE's centralized approach implies that some keys must be created and held in escrow -- and are therefore at greater risk of disclosure. • Requires a secure channel between a sender or recipient and the IBE server for transmitting the private key.

  14. Real-World Application • Voltage Security provide Identity-Based Encryption for emails • IBE Toolkit available to those who would like to use the encryption services 

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