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Physics 10, introductory lecture

Physics 10, introductory lecture. A. Albrecht January 2010. The Keck 10m Telescopes on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Segments of the Keck 10m Telescope Mirror. Outline. Introduction (The “Golden age of cosmology”) The Big Picture The Edge of the observable universe The mysterious dark side. Part 1

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Physics 10, introductory lecture

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  1. Physics 10, introductory lecture A. Albrecht January 2010

  2. The Keck 10m Telescopes on Mauna Kea, Hawaii

  3. Segments of the Keck 10m Telescope Mirror

  4. Outline • Introduction (The “Golden age of cosmology”) • The Big Picture • The Edge of the observable universe • The mysterious dark side

  5. Part 1 Introduction:The golden age of cosmology

  6. The APM (Automatic Plate Machine) Survey (1992) Sky positions of 2,000,000 Galaxies

  7. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (to locate over 100,000,000 galaxies, 3D positions for 1,000,000) A simulation of just 65,000 Sloan galaxies

  8. June 5 2001: First release of Sloan data (50,000 galaxies)

  9. Plot of 78,000 SDSS galaxies

  10. Sloan Survey Status Imaging (Galaxy positions on the sky) 47% Complete Jun 21 2002  47,000,000 galaxy positions Spectroscopy (3D galaxy positions) 34% Complete Jul 15 2002  340,000 galaxy positions

  11. Sloan Survey Status Imaging (Galaxy positions on the sky) 97% Complete Jun 27 2004  97,000,000 galaxy positions Spectroscopy (3D galaxy positions) 67% Complete Jun 27 2004  670,000 galaxy positions

  12. Sloan Survey Status Imaging (Galaxy positions on the sky) 107% Complete Mar 13 2005  107,000,000 galaxy positions Spectroscopy (3D galaxy positions) 68% Complete Mar 15 2005  680,000 galaxy positions

  13. http://sdss.org

  14. Maps of the microwave sky (the “edge of the observable universe”) Real 1993 2009 Simulated 2003 Simulated

  15. Maps of the microwave sky (the “edge of the observable universe”) Real 1993 Updated after WMAP announcement, Feb 2003 2009 Real Data! 2003 Simulated

  16. Maps of the microwave sky (the “edge of the observable universe”) Real 1993 Updated after WMAP announcement, Feb 2003 2009 Real Data! 2006 Simulated

  17. WMAP 3-yr map

  18. WMAP 5-yr map

  19. First map from PLANCK satellite (2 weeks of data Aug 2009) superposed on optical map of the sky

  20. http://www.esa.int/esaSC/120398_index_0_m.html http://www.rssd.esa.int/index.php?project=planck

  21. Mass inferred from lensing: Must have dark matter

  22. 1996

  23. Using Hubble’s new “advanced camera for surveys” June 2002

  24. http://hubblesite.org/ http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html

  25. Some Future Plans LSST (Large-aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope) SNAP (Supernova / Acceleration Probe ) James Bock / NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryImaging Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization with EPIC We propose to study a mission concept, the Experimental Probe of Inflationary Cosmology (EPIC), based on a single-aperture telescope and receiver with high-sensitivity polarization-sensitive detector arrays.

  26. Keck Telescope Hubble ACS (Advanced Camera For Surveys)

  27. Golden Age: Data + Theory • Origin of the elements (“Nucleosynthesis”) • What formed the galaxies? • How the big bang got started (“Cosmic Inflation”)

  28. Part 2: The big picture

  29. First Step: Distances in the Universe

  30. Measure of distance: One Kilometer ≈ Distance from the ARC to Roessler Hall

  31. Measure of distance: One Kilometer ≈ Distance from the ARC to Roessler Hall Count cosmic distances as grains of sand: One grain of sand per kilometer. Grain of sand (enlarged)

  32. Diameter of earth = 12,760 kilometers  1 Teaspoon of sand

  33. Distance to Moon = 356,410 kilometers  1 Handful of sand

  34. Distance to Moon = 356,410 kilometers  1 Handful of sand (Also roughly the distance light travels in one second)

  35. Distance from Earth to Sun = 149,600,000 kilometers (8 light minutes)  1 kitchen trash can full of sand

  36. Distance from Earth to Pluto = 6,000,000,000 kilometers  1 wheelbarrow of sand

  37. Distance from Earth to Nearest Star = 40,000,000,000,000 kilometers  1 dumpster of sand

  38. Distance from Earth to Edge of our galaxy = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 kilometers  1 Physics/Geology Bulidng full of sand

  39. Average distance between galaxies = kilometers  1 baseball stadium full of sand

  40. Average distance between galaxies = kilometers  1 baseball stadium full of sand Number of 0’s after the 3

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