Exploring the Enlightenment: Key Thinkers and Their Impact on Modern Thought

Dec 04, 2025

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This introduction to the Enlightenment delves into its defining features and key figures, such as Immanuel Kant, who emphasized secularization and rational thought. We explore the contributions of influential philosophers like Montesquieu, Locke, Voltaire, and Diderot, each shaping modern political philosophy and human rights. From Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" to Diderot's "Encyclopedie," this period marked a profound transformation in ideas. The Enlightenment set the stage for contemporary discussions on governance, freedom, and toleration.

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Exploring the Enlightenment: Key Thinkers and Their Impact on Modern Thought

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Presentation Transcript

The Enlightenment -18th Century Introduction: • Definition (2) • Immanuel Kant: 1724-1804 Main Ideas of the Enlightenment: “Secularization”
The Philosophes: • Definition and background • Charles Montesquieu 1689-1755 - The Spirit of the Laws • John Locke: 1623-1704 -Second Treatise on Government • Francois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire): 1694-1778 - Calas affair - Treatise on Toleration - Deism • Denis Diderot: 1713-1784 - the Encyclopedia The Legacy of the Enlightenment:
Charles MontesquieuJohn LockeFrancois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire)
Enlightenment: meeting to discuss "L'Encyclopedie" Denis Diderot