The Road to Revolution

1. The Road to Revolution PART II 1763 - 1775 EUGENIA LANGAN MATER ACADEMY CHARTER HIGH SCHOOL HIALEAH GARDENS, FLORIDA THANKS TO SUSAN POJER FOR POWERPOINT THEME

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: • WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION? • TO WHAT EXTENT HAD AN AMERICAN IDENTITY FORMED BY THE TIME OF THE REVOLUTION, AND WHY? • INTOLERABLE AND COERCIVE TO WHOM? • YOU WILL ANSWER THIS IN THE JIGSAW ASSIGNED LAST CLASS!

3. To what extent had the colonists developed a sense of their own identity and unity as Americans by the eve of the Revolution? NOTE: IT’S A “TO WHAT EXTENT QUESTION” SO YOU MUST GIVE A YES AND A NO ANSWER TO THE TWO ISSUES = 4 ANSWERS (MINIMUM) AND NOTE THE PERIOD = BEFORE THE REVOLUTION, NOT DURING OR AFTER EXCEPT EVIDENCE OF SOMETHING BEFORE

4. REVIEW: • FRENCH & INDIAN WAR UNITED COLONISTS TO SOME EXTENT • AMERICAN IDENTITY EMERGED – A DIFFERENT KIND OF ENGLISH PEOPLE THAN THE ENGLISH IN ENGLAND! • AND MANY COLONISTS RESENTED BRITAIN: • CLASHES BETWEEN COLONIAL MILITIAMEN AND BRITISH REGULARS • PROCLAMATION OF 1763

5. AND WAR ENDED 74-YEAR ERA OF SALUTARY NEGLECT • BRITAIN LEFT WITH £140 MILLION WAR DEBT (= BILLIONS OF DOLLARS TODAY) • NEW PRIME MINISTER GEORGE GRENVILLE AND PARLIAMENT THINK COLONISTS SHOULD PAY FOR THEIR “DEFENSE”  TAXING • THAT INCLUDES PAYING EXPENSES OF DEFENDING AGAINST PONTIAC’S REBELLION (DESPITE PROCLAMATION OF 1763

6. GEORGE GRENVILLE

7. BACKGROUND: “THE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN” • MAGNA CARTA (1215) = THE KING IS NOT ABOVE THE LAW • 1341 – EDWARD III AGREED BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT HAD TO APPROVE TAXES • HOUSE OF COMMONS ELECTED BY BURGESSES = PROPERTY-OWNING MEN IN THE BOROUGHS • 1649 – CHARLES I TRIED FOR TREASON AND EXECUTED – TAXED W/O CONSENT OF PARLIAMENT

8. 1689 – BILL OF RIGHTS, INCLUDED: • NO TAXATION W/O REPRESENTATION • CIVILIANS HAD RIGHT TO TRIALS IN COMMON-LAW COURTS • NO SUSPENSION OF HABEAS CORPUS • RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS FOR DEFENSE • (ALSO MADE PARLIAMENT, NOT THE CROWN, THE SOVEREIGN – BUT COLONISTS DON’T CARE MUCH ABOUT THAT – NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT)

9. THE COMMON LAW • MADE BY JUDGES IN KING’S COURTS SINCE 12TH C. • WAS APPLIED IN ALL THE COLONIES (IS THE BASIS FOR ALMOST ALL OUR LAW TODAY!) • THE CONCEPT OF THE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN AND THE COMMON LAW UNIFY THE COLONISTS TO SOME EXTENT • THE CONCEPT OF THE RIGHTS OF ENGLISHMEN = THEORY OF THE REVOLUTION!

10. THE TAX LAWS • THE SUGAR ACT (1764) – REDUCED DUTY ON NON-BRITISH SUGAR FROM WEST INDIES (FOR RUM!) • SPECIFICALLY INTENDED TO RAISE TAXES FROM COLONIES • THEORY OF NAVIGATION ACTS, MOLASSES ACT OF 1713 = DISCOURAGE COLONIAL TRADE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES (MERCANTILISM) • THEORY OF SUGAR ACT = TRADE AND PAY  LOWER DUTY

11. WHO WAS HURT BY THE SUGAR ACT? • NEW ENGLAND SMUGGLERS! ACT ENFORCED, AND PROVIDED FOR TRIALS IN ADMIRALTY COURTS (NOT COMMON LAW COURTS – NO JURIES) • INTELLECTUALS ALSO REALIZED ANY TAX ACT SET PRECEDENT FOR MORE • FLAP IN COLONIES  BRITAIN FOLDED

12. QUARTERING ACT OF 1765 - BRITAIN WOULD HOUSE TROOPS IN COLONIAL “in inns, LIVERY STABLES, ALES HOUSES, VICTUALLING HOUSES, UNINHABITED HOUSES, OUTHOUSES, BARNS,” ETC., AT EXPENSE OF INVOLVED COLONIES. WHO WAS HURT? • PROPERTY-OWNERS IN PORT CITIES (MOST BRITISH TROOPS STATIONED IN PORT CITIES TO ENFORCE TRADE/TAX LAWS) • MOST COLONIAL LEGISLATURES DEFIED – BUT FEW SOLDIERS WERE QUARTERED IN COLONISTS PROPERTY AT THIS POINT.

13. NOW YOU DO THE OTHER STATUTES – JIGSAW!

14. STAMP ACT & DECLARATORY ACT TOWNSHEND TEA ACT BOSTON PORT ACT/ MASSACHUSETS GOVERNMENT ACT ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ACT 5. QUARTERING ACT OF 1774 6. QUEBEC ACT