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DEMAND REDUCTION IN JAMAICA

DEMAND REDUCTION IN JAMAICA. A BRIEF CASE STUDY. CARL STONE SURVEY 1991 . COCAINE & CRACK COCAINE ABUSE MALE FEMALE 1989 1991 1989 1991 % DRUG USE 3.02 2.75 0.12 0.09

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DEMAND REDUCTION IN JAMAICA

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  1. DEMAND REDUCTION IN JAMAICA A BRIEF CASE STUDY

  2. CARL STONE SURVEY 1991. COCAINE & CRACK COCAINE ABUSE MALE FEMALE • 1989 1991 1989 1991 % DRUG USE 3.02 2.75 0.12 0.09 Total (‘000 ) 21.4 19.2 .84 .63 Recommended: That Demand Reduction programmes need to be intensified and expanded in the Urban and Tourism area where Drug dealers have apparently increased their aggressive marketing networks.

  3. Integrated Demand Reduction • This is a multi-faceted, multi-pronged strategy or series of strategies working in synergy to Reduce The Costs And Effects Of Drug Abuse By Reducing The Demand For Licit And Illicit Drugs

  4. Integrated Demand Reduction • Demand Reduction focuses primarily on Education and Awareness Programmes • It also focuses on identifying prevailing risk factors that cause or lead to Drug Abuse • Activities, plans and programmes are formulated to reduce these risk factors • These Educational, Healthy Lifestyle, and Preventative Programmes are expected to result in a reduction in the demand for drugs.

  5. Demand Reduction Measures-1 • Drug Education and Awareness Programme • Individual & Community Involvement • Economic Alternatives • Social & Cultural Programmes • Sports Programmes

  6. Demand Reduction Measures-2 • Public Relations/Social Marketing • Health & Medical Measures • (Health Promotion) • Legal Reform • Security • Research & Development • International Cooperation

  7. DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL MATRIX INTER-MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE NCDA COUNCIL MEMBERS WORKING COMMITTEES NCDA BOARD OF MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL LINKAGES DRUG ABUSE SECRETARIAT THE COMMUNITY CODACS PARISHES PARDACS TREATMENT & REHAB

  8. ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY IN PREVENTION • Identify the problems/weaknesses in the environment that will threaten the existing healthy lifestyle in their community. • Devise action plans to address these these problems • Identify all relevant resources that exist in that community • Identify community leadership which will facilitate the change process

  9. PARISH INITIATIVES PARISH DRUG AWARENESS COMMITTEES(PARDACS) ROLE OF THE PARDACS • EDUCATION AND SENSITIZING INTEREST GROUPS IN THE PARISH ABOUT THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE • ORGANIZE AND CONDUCT PUBLIC FORA, PANEL DISCUSIONS AND DEBATES AS A MEANS OF EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE • SOME MEMBERS ARE TRAINED IN BASIC AND ADVANCED COUNSELLING AND ASSIST IN THE SOCIAL REINTEGRATION OF RECOVERING ADDICTS

  10. 1997 SURVEY ON PATTERNS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND USE AMONG POST PRIMARY STUDENTS IN JAMAICA • GRADES 9 TO 13 WERE SURVEYED, APPROXIMATELY 8,000 QUESTIONNAIRES ADMINISTERED AMOUNG STUDENTS IN 63 SCHOOLS (ALL-AGE,SECONDARY AND TECHNICAL) • OVERALL RESULTS (COMPARISON BETWEEN 1987 AND 1997) DRUG19871997 ( % OF SCHOOL POPULATION) CIGARETTES 29.I 27.2 ALCOHOL 76.3 70.9 MARIJUANA 19.8 26.9 INHALANTS 15.8 15.8 CRACK COCAINE 1.5 1.9 TRANQUILIZERS 3.8 5.5

  11. THE E.U FUNDED NATIONAL PROJECT PROJECT OBJECTIVES: • REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF DRUG ABUSE AND OTHER UNHEALTHY BEHAVIOUR. • REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR DRUGS • PROMOTE HEALTHY LIFESTYLES • REDUCE YOUTH DELINQUENCY.

  12. OUTPUTS FROM E.U PROJECT • A NATIONAL SURVEY ON THE LEVEL OF DRUG ABUSE • FORMATION OF SIX NEW COMMUNITY DRUG AWARENESS COMMITTEES (CODACS) • A TOTAL OF 180 PERSONS FROM THESE NEW CODACS TRAINED TO IMPART INFORMATION ON DRUG ABUSE AND PROMOTE HEALTHY LIFESTYLES. • AN EVALUATION OF THE PREVENTION EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN SCHOOLS • 450 TEACHERS, 40 TEACHER TRAINERS, 75 GUIDANCE COUNSELLORS, 28 EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION OFFICERS AND 60 EDUCATION OFFICERS TRAINED IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION AND 150 STUDENTS TRAINED AS PEER COUNSELLORS • EDUCATIONAL AND SUPPORT MATERIALS PRODUCED FOR TRAINING

  13. Risk Factors for Drug Abuse – Youth(NIDA) • Ineffective Parenting • Chaotic Home Environment • Lack of Mutual Attachments/ Nurturing • Inappropriate behaviour in the classroom • Failure in school performance • Poor social coping skills • Affiliation with deviant peers • Perception of approval of drug using behaviours in the school, among peers and community environments.

  14. FAMILY ISSUES • Breakdown in the structure and patterns of families. • Poor parenting skills. • Diminished family life • Teenage parents.

  15. CHANGING FAMILY SYSTEMS • Extended family disturbed. • More persons living alone/ isolation. • Shifting values.

  16. PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES • Feeling of alienation • Feel inadequate, low self esteem, devalued sense of self and of life. • Male marginalization. • Distorted value system (supported by music, popular culture and attitude to minorities.) • Lack of a father figure. • Attitudes to authority/ police

  17. PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES contd. • High unemployment or unemployable • Lack of citizenship. • Lack of civic pride. • Lack of hope.

  18. DISORDERS AMONG YOUTH • SUBSTANCE ABUSE • DEPRESSION • VIOLENCE • IRRESPONSIBLE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR . • SUICIDE

  19. NATIONAL DRUG USE 2002. Excerpt from 2001 National Survey

  20. ESTIMATES OF SUBSTANCE USE AND TREATMENT NEEDS • 5.9% of population or 92,800 Jamaicans have alcohol related problems. • 7.9% of population or 124,000 Jamaicans have drug related problems. • 11.9% of population or 187,100 Jamaicans have either alcohol or drug related problems or both. • 19% of pop. meet the criteria for depression. Rates of depression highest among persons dependent on alcohol or illicit substances.

  21. ESTIMATES OF TREATMENT NEEDS ADOLESCENT POPULATION( 18 TO 24 YRS ) ALCOHOL • 60.6% of population ever used • 44.2 % used in the month of survey. • 2.6% of adolescents abuse alcohol • 2.% are dependent on alcohol Nb.* 4.6% or 15,000 adolescents have alcohol related problems.

  22. ESTIMATES OF TREATMENT NEEDS ADOLESCENT POPULATION(18 TO 24 YEARS) Illicit Drugs • 26.5% used Ganja • 0.6% used Crack Cocaine • 10.2% or 33,500 adolescents have drug related problems. n.b.* 12.6% or 41,500 adolescents have both alcohol and drug related problems.

  23. NCDA Prevention Programme • Community/Interest Group Engagement • Organizing for prevention programme/initiatives • Planning for ongoing prevention efforts • Training & Development of a cadre of persons to manage ongoing drug prevention programmes • Facilitates the ongoing work of the CODAC or interest group • Networkswith relevant agencies to support the work of the CODACS or interest groups

  24. TYPES OF PREVENTION PROGRAMMES. • NCDA Prevention Education Programmes • PEP • Squeaky • READ & READ + • Lignum Vitae • Rosebud • Drug Education & Training Programmes • Sports Initiatives • Alternatives to Drug Abuse/Economic Programme • PARDAC/CODAC

  25. TYPES OF PREVENTION PROGRAMMES.

  26. TYPES OF PREVENTION PROGRAMMES.

  27. Types of Prevention Programmes.

  28. Types of Prevention Programmes.

  29. O.I.D support to Jamaica • Rapid Assessment Surveys (R.A.S) Treatment and Rehabilitation Sentinel Sites Low Literacy Youth in School (squeaky) • Equipment • Data Sharing

  30. NCDA EPI-SIDUC Summary2001-2003 • Total of 1,242 clients seen in T&R Centres Age of First Use (onset drug) Drug 1-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-40+ Alcohol 19 7 42 23 37 75 204 Marijuana 20 109 57 61 63 82 Tobacco 4 18 32 62 59 235 Total of 410 clients or 33% of total seen identified Tobacco as the onset drug as compared with 389 clients or 31% who identified alcohol and 392 clients or 32% Marijuana as the onset drug.

  31. SQUEAKY PRETEST- KNOWLEDGE OF USERS

  32. Challenges • Internal data maximization • Epi-Sudic software upgrade • Ongoing feedback from OID

  33. The Way Forward • Improved data sharing • Upgrading software and hardware • Integrating methodologies

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