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Work, Stress,and Health

Work, Stress,and Health. Statistics, Impact on Organizations, and Solutions. Overview. Statistics on stress in the workplace Effects on stress on the body Solutions Tips and Tools Stress makes people stupid and sick Socrates. Statistics.

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Work, Stress,and Health

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  1. Work, Stress,and Health Statistics, Impact on Organizations, and Solutions

  2. Overview • Statistics on stress in the workplace • Effects on stress on the body • Solutions • Tips and Tools • Stress makes people stupid and sick Socrates

  3. Statistics • On average, each full-time employee lost 10.0 days in 2008 for personal reasons (7.9 for own illness or disability plus 2.1 for personal or family demands). This amounted to an estimated 113 million workdays for all full-time employees. Men lost fewer days than women—8.8 (6.7 for illness or disability plus 2.1 for personal or family demands) versus 11.8 (9.6 plus 2.2).

  4. Employment Sector • The most workdays were missed by employees in • Health care and social assistance (14.9 days) • public administration (13.8) • transportation and warehousing (12.3). http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/

  5. Cost • Logistics Company B has 100 employees • Each employee will be absent 12.3 days per year • If they are paid 50K annually • Costs the company just in lost wages only • $236,160.00

  6. Union Workers • Full-time workers who belonged to unions or were covered by collective agreements missed more workdays on average in 2008 for personal reasons than their non-unionized counterparts (13.9 versus 8.2)

  7. Workplace Size • Days lost tended to rise with workplace size, • increasing from a low of 8.5 in workplaces with • fewer than 20 employees (firms more likely to • have low union rates) to 11.9 in workplaces with • more than 500 employees (firms likely to have • high union rates) (table 1-4).

  8. Job Tenure • Days lost tended to rise with job tenure, with almost all the differences arising from illness and disability (table 1-5). Employees with tenure of up to one year lost 7.5 days, while those with over 14 years lost 12.4 days (the latter group were also likely older).

  9. Evidence Linking Absenteeism and Stress According to Statistics Canada, December 19, 2007, high self-perceived work stress was strongly related to taking disability days. Almost one in five men and women who perceived their regular work days to be stressful took at least one disability day in the last two weeks.

  10. Example • Company A has 50 employees • One in 5 employees took 1 day off in the last 2 weeks. • 10 days taken off in the last 2 weeks • What is the effect on productivity? • How much money is lost? • What are the effects on the rest of the staff? • How disengaged were these people before they took time off?

  11. Costs • In Canada the direct and indirect cost of absenteeism totals 17% of the total wage bill • Overtime • Replacements • Reduction in productivity Eg. Company A has 50 employees that are paid 50K annually.17% of the wage bill amounts to $425,000.00 Watson Wyatt Worldwide 2001

  12. Short-Term Disability • The average number of work days lost: • Diabetes 26 • Hypertension 28 • Heart Disease 37 • Back pain 37 • Mental health 72 Ranno,J.P.(200) Mental Health and Occupational Stress, Sun Life

  13. A Few Sobering Facts • In Canada during 1991-2001: • The average work week increased from 42-45 hours • The number of workers highly satisfied with their jobs decreased from 62% to 45% • The percentage of workers who are highly committed to their employer dropped from 66%-50% • The number of workers reporting high level of job stress doubled • Laval University.Mental Health At Work.

  14. More facts…. • 1/10 Canadians suffer from PTSD • According to Canada Safety Council report dated April 2008; mental health claims are the fastest growing category of disability costs in Canada. They account for an estimated 30 to 40 percent of the disability claims recorded by Canada’s major insurers and employers. • Laval University.Mental Health at Work.

  15. And… • Three-quarters of employers say mental health issues are the leading cause of short and long term disability claims. • According to Saratoga Research Institute, 89% of managers believe employees leave for more money and 88% of employees leave for reasons other than money.

  16. HR Stress Triggers • Bearing bad news such as lay offs, benefit cutbacks • Balancing human and business concerns • Not being able to do as much as you like • Doing more with fewer resources • Dealing with negative people • Keeping personal info private • Creative ways to keep staff engaged

  17. How Many Hats Do You Wear?

  18. How Many Hats Do You Wear? • labour relations • employee relations • motivation • orientation • benefits • administration • compensation • training • legislative compliance • organization development • health and safety • discipline

  19. …but really • What’s the big deal about stress?????

  20. Stress-O-Meter • Bp • Blood glucose • Heart rate and strength • Increased waist size • Cholesterol • C-reactive protein

  21. Pyschoneuroimmunolgy (PNI) • The Interactive loop of mind, body, and disease. • Coined in 1975 Dr. Adler,Felten, and Cohen • The brain could create conditions that create illness

  22. H.P.A. Axis • Hypothalamus- Queen of the endocrine system • Pituitary-Queen hormone that breaks the brain barrier • Adrenals-Queen cortisol-immune response

  23. How Have Our Brains Changed?

  24. Chronic Stress Leads to: • Depression • In Canada it’s estimated that the annual cost of depression exceeds $12billion. • By the year 2020, depression will be the number one disability • Depressive disorders represent 30 – 40 per cent of all mental illness in Canada. Health Canada, 2003

  25. Effects • Musculoskeletal DisordersOn the basis of research by NIOSH and many other organizations, it is widely believed that job stress increases the risk for development of back and upper- extremity musculoskeletal disorders. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/stres

  26. Decrease in immune function • "Even if better coping with job stress produces only small reductions in the incidence, duration, or severity of such illnesses, a much reduced problem of infectious disease contagion may be achieved." (Journal of AppliedPsychology)

  27. Effects • In a study done among 1,381 Swedish workers,increased job demands increased the risk of heart attack. • Incidents of facing pressure of competition at work resulted in 6 times the risk of heart attack in the following 24-hour period. • Theorell,J.Epid Comm Health;59-23-30

  28. Effects • 10,000 civil servants in the U.K. were studied and found a link between stress and metabolic syndrome. • Those employees with chronic job stress were twice as likely to develop the syndrome. • British Journal of Medicine ,Jan. 20, 2006

  29. The Components of Stress • 1.Event- the physical or emotional event that is seen as a threat-perception • 2. Brain- how it processes the threat • 3. Response- the physical and behavioural response to the threat • Dr. Gabor Mate.When the Body Says No.

  30. The Three Main Factors • 1. Uncertainty • 2.Lack of information • 3.Lack of control • Helplessness, real or perceived is a potent trigger for the biological stress response.

  31. Sources of Stress At Work • 1. Work overload • 2.Lack of recognition by peers • 3.Poor relationship with supervisor • 4.Lack of participation in decision making • 5.Lack of information • 6.Lack of communication between employer and employee

  32. Definition of the Stressor • …People are disturbed not by things, but by their perception of things

  33. Stress Management • 25 different models • Relax-Think

  34. Solutions • Coping with stress=emotional competence • 1.The ability to feel our emotions so we are aware when we are feeling stressed. • 2.The ability to express our emotions. • 3.The ability to sift through the present stress vs. past experiences • 4.Asking for what you need.

  35. Tips and Tools • Communication • Keep people informed. • As Gregory Smith states in his book Here Today, Here Tomorrow, “If your people don’t know where the company is going, where it’s been or why you’re asking them to do certain things, they can’t be productive.”

  36. Tips and Tools • Physical De-Escalation • Deep breathing • Grounding exercise • Scaling question • Journal • Connect with someone • Go for a walk • Muscle relaxation exercises

  37. Tips and Tools • Stay focused. • Stop projecting with anxiousness about what has to be done 3 days from now. • Ask yourself-”what are three things I can move forward today?” • Identify present/real stress vs. past issues

  38. Tips and Tools • The Rule of 3’s • F-frequency-3 days per week • I-intensity-3 miles per hour • T-time-3 hours per week • Within 3 months, the hippocampus was unrolling • Arthur Kramer-University of Illinois

  39. Tips and Tools • Research shows us that if we watch or listen to someone being positive, it reduces stress • Sense of smell registers long term in the brain and is associated strongly with good and bad experiences

  40. You Can Learn • Say no! • Give in occasionally • Go easy with criticism • Be realistic • Shed the “Superwoman/man” urge • Take one thing at a time

  41. Exercise

  42. Appreciate your surroundings

  43. Be aware of your non conscious thoughts

  44. Watch what you tell yourself

  45. We want you to go from here to ….

  46. To here

  47. Thank you • Questions?

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