Presentation Transcript

1. ABSOLUTISM

   Monarchies and the formation of modern Europe
2. February 25, 2014 Agenda Return / discuss Age of Exploration assessment Joke of the Day Absolutism Learning Target: Students will know the key terms/concepts which define the Age of Absolutism
3. Key Concepts Absolutism: Divine Right: Constitutional Monarchy: A system in which a ruler holds total power. A belief that kings were given the right to rule by God A system in the monarch’s power is limited by a constitution
4. Key Concepts Think of, and draw, images to help you remember what these terms mean For example…
5. February 26, 2014 Agenda Quick Review (Bad) Joke of the Day Who’s Who of Absolutism Where’s Where of Absolutism Learning Target: Students will know key figures during the Age of Absolutism and the borders of their countries.
6. Absolutist Concepts Absolute Monarchy Divine Right Constitutional Monarchy
7. Absolute Monarch’s and their Nations On page 2, match the monarch with their nation. PHILIP II (Defender of Catholicism) England LOUIS XIV Spain MARIA THERESA France FREDERICK THE GREAT Austria JAMES II Russia PETER THE GREAT Prussia
8. Philip II SPAIN
9. Louis XIV FRANCE
10. Maria Theresa Austria
11. Frederick the Great Prussia
12. James II England
13. Peter the Great russia
14. Use the map on the following slide, or on p. 511 of the orange World History text to create a reference map for the unit. Be sure to color in the countries, outline the Holy Roman Empire, and to create a key Reminder: your map shows modern national borders: 1650 borders will cross modern borders You may want to color water first!
15. February 27, 2014 Agenda Questions about reading? Essay Update Joke of the Day Pre-test Part 3: Causes & Effects Interview with a Monarch Maps (if time) Vocabulary Quiz tomorrow Lab for research tomorrow Learning Target: Students will understand the underlying causes and the effects of absolutism in Europe
16. What Led to Absolutism in Europe? LONG-TERM CAUSES: Decline of feudalism Rise of cities and growth of the middle class Growth of national identity and kingdoms Loss of Church power and authority IMMEDIATE CAUSES: Religious and territorial war Buildup of wealth and armies Need for increased taxes Revolts by peasants or nobles
17. Effects of Absolutism IMMEDIATE EFFECTS Regulation of religion and society Larger courts Huge building projects New government bureaucracies Loss of power for nobility and legislatures LONG-TERM EFFECTS Revolution in Europe Western European influence on Russia English political reforms that influence U.S. democracy
18. Interview With a Monarch The kingdom of Franschweig, after the revolution, needs a new ruler, and desires are high for an absolute monarch who will improve the state of the kingdom. YOU are the monarch. You will: research an absolute monarch, write their resume, and interview for the position of king/queen of Frankschweig.
19. Interview with a Monarch Part 1 – Due Monday, March 3: Living in Europe in the late 1500s, what five (5) qualities do you look for in a leader? Why? As part of the interview committee, what questions will you ask in order to determine which ruler is best for you and Frankschweig? Develop ten (10) questions to ask during the interviews One (2) question must be situational Porejemplo: “If your jester were to share private information he witnessed while performing with his spouse, what actions would you take?”
20. March 3, 2014 Agenda DUE: Qualifications & Questions Reading Check Joke of the Day Absolutism in Spain Learning Target: Students will know and understand Spain’s transition to an absolute monarchy.
21. Reading Check In a paragraph, describe the outcome of the 30 years war. Bonus points for including the name of the treaty. Designate a blank page to Absolutism Reading Checks. When you finish writing, raise your hand.
22. Spain The unification of Spain The split of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire Ferdinand I Phillip II Catholic Spain
23. The Unification of Spain Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand Charles the V Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain, Archduke of Austria
24. Split of the Empire Brother, Ferdinand I – Holy Roman Empire Son, Philip II – Milan, Naples, Sicily, the Netherlands, Spain, and North American empire
25. Spain, under Philip II
26. Philip II (1556-1598) Establish a Catholic alliance “The Most Catholic King”
27. The Spanish Armada Eliminate Elizabeth July, 1588 131 Galleons 17,000 well-armed men 180 Catholic priests Calais, August 6, 1588 Here’s what happened….
28. The Fall of Spain Desire to expand Revolt in Aragon, 1591 Nail in the Coffin?!?
29. The Thirty Years War
30. Peace of Westphalia (1648) Hapsburg Spain and Austria Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Sweden Netherlands France Impact: Prevents interference of foreign nations in internal affairs (i.e., choosing rulers) Impact: Concept of the sovereign state with self-determination Impact: Sets standard for constitutional law in Europe
31. March 4, 2014 Agenda Reading Check Joke of the Day Absolutism in England
32. Reading Check In a paragraph, evaluate the results of the Glorious Revolution in England. When finished writing, raise your hand.
33. England Major Players: Queen Elizabeth - Protestant England King James I – Divine Right of Kings King Charles I – Absolute England Oliver Cromwell – The Glorious Revolution
34. Queen Elizabeth
35. Queen Elizabeth Most important impact: BALANCE As queen, successfully balanced governance and religious issues She supported the Church of England, but allowed her subjects to believe whatever they wished 1559, officially restored Protestantism – Parliament passes Act of Supremacy, making Queen Elizabeth Supreme Governor of the Church Babington Plot (1586) – plot to murder Elizabeth Failed  Mary Queen of Scots beheaded
36. The Tudors Henry VIII Mary I Elizabeth I
37. End of an Era During Elizabeth’s reign, England loses all mainland territory Used English Channel as a defense against enemies The “Virgin Queen” Never married or had children Dies in 1603 Who will control England?
38. The Stewarts (or Stuarts)
39. James I (1603-1625) Stuart family of Scotland Son of Mary Queen of Scots Believed in Divine Right of Kings Reign defined by religious conflict and battles with parliament
40. James I (1603-1625) Religious Conflict Imposed heavy fines on those who did not attend Protestant services Forced Puritans (English Calvinists) out of England Many wealthy gentry were Puritans Of course, persecuted Catholics Parliamentary Conflict Alienated Puritans in House of Commons Parliament believed power was shared, James did not.
41. Remember, remember, the 5th of November Catholic dissenters planned to kill James and as many members of Parliament as possible Known as the Gunpowder Plot Planned to tunnel under the House of Lords and blow up barrels of gunpowder Spoiled; tunnel discovered(?) and Guy Fawkes caught Resulted in widespread hatred of Catholics and a series of laws further persecuting English Catholics
42. Charles I (1625-1649)
43. Charles I (1625-1649) Dissolving of Parliament 1629-1640, no Parliament existed Alternatives to taxes
44. Charles I (1625-1649) Attempted to force Presbyterian Scots to adopt Anglican rituals Scots marched on England Charles had no money for an army; rescinded demand Agreed to pay Scottish war costs, but no money; forced to reinstate Parliament The new Parliament determined to limit king’s power Lasted for 20 years – known as the Long Parliament Passed law giving Parliament control of Charles’ ministers Petition of Right – limited king’s ability to tax, imprison without cause, quarter troops, and institute martial law Largely ignored by Charles
45. English Civil War (1642-1649) Charles flees Who’s side are you on? Determined largely by religion Supporters of Charles = Cavaliers or Royalists (Anglicans) Supporters of Parliament = Roundheads (Puritans/Presbyterians)
46. Oliver Cromwell Rump Parliament Charles I Executed England as a commonwealth
47. Monarch Madness After Cromwell’s death, the monarchy and Parliament are restored Charles II James II William & Mary
48. The Glorious Revolution William invades in early 1688 James flees to Catholic France William and Mary given throne Institute 2 major changes: 1. Bill of Rights Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes kings cannot do without approval from Parliament Rights of citizens to keep arms and right to trial by jury Laid the foundation for a Constitutional Monarchy 2. Toleration Act of 1689 Granted Puritans, but not Catholics, freedom of worship
49. March 6, 2014 Agenda Joke of the Day Absolutism in France
50. France Major Players: Henry II & Catherine de Medicis The House of Bourbon Henry IV Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu Louis XIV
51. Setting the Stage Henry II & Catherine de Medicis Crowned in 1547 Persecuted Huguenots Catherine and sons rule – 40 years of chaos St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre (1572) Sparked by marriage of Catholic woman and Protestant Prince Henry III of Navarre (Henry IV) Mass killings of Huguenots order by the King, Charles IX 5-30,000 killed over the course of weeks
52. François Dubois  - Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
53. Setting the Stage Henry IV (1589-1610) “Paris is well worth a mass” Edict of Nantes (1598) Rebuilds France
54. Setting the Stage Louis XIII Cardinal Richelieu Chief minister Huguenots Subordination Executions
55. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Cardinal Mazarin the “Sun King” L’etat, c’estmoi
56. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Detested Paris Moved capital to Versailles, rebuilding a hunting cabin to include: 17,000 landscaped parks enclosed by a 40 mile wall 1,400 fountains 2,000 statues Rooms decorated with marble columns, painted ceilings, costly drapes, mirrored walls, and hand-crafted furniture A theater and a chapel
57. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Hated Chaos Revoked the Edict of Nantes Attempted to convert Hugeunots to Catholicism Stripped them of their schools and places of worship Offered money to converts Subjected Protestants to persecution and torture Drove many wealthy and talented Frenchmen out of France What are these images of? Who created them? What is the purpose or message of these images?
58. Louis XIV (1643-1715) How did Louis maintain his absolutism? Religion Nobility Commoners Intendants
59. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Positives of Louis’ reign: Economy (Mercantilism) Unified agriculture, industry, commerce, and finance under the monarch Free trade Luxuries industry Imported skilled workers Improved internal transportation Culture Drama (Moliere; Racine) and Literature (La Fontaine) Painting (Poussin; Lorraine) Versailles became seat of lavish spectacles – ballets, balls, hunts, and receptions French became universal language of Europe
60. Louis XIV (1643-1715) Negatives of Louis’ reign: Unchecked policy of international conquest Louis’ wars and high taxes Natural disasters
61. March 7, 2014 Agenda Reading Check War of Spanish Succession Joke of the Day Absolutism in Russia & Prussia REMINDER: LAB on Monday. REMINDER: Interviews are happening on Tuesday! Be Prepared. (Volunteers to go first?)
62. Reading Check What steps did Peter the Great take in order to westernize Russia? When finished, make sure your name is on the paper, raise your hand so I can collect your reading checks.
63. War of Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Louis’ grandson, Philip V, becomes King of Spain England and Holland nervous War breaks out France vs. England & the Netherlands, with the German states and Austria Results in Treaty of Utrecht (Holland) in 1714 Austria becomes major European power, receiving Austrian Netherlands, Milan, Naples, and Sardinia, and Hungary Brandenburg becomes part of Prussia England – the real winner Becomes naval superpower Receives Gibraltar from Spain, Nova Scotia and the Hudson Bay area from France Created a balance of power in Europe
64. Russia Major Players Ivan III Ivan IV Michael Romanov Peter the Great Catherine the Great
65. Ivan III (1462-1505) The Great, or Grand Prince of Russia Ruler of Muscovy (Moscow) Liberated the Rus from the Mongols Centralized the government Set foundation for Russian absolutism
66. Ivan IV (1533-1584) Grand Prince of Moscow (1533-1547) Czar of All the Russias (1547-1584) Known as “Ivan the Terrible” (grozny) Good times The arts – printing Expanded territory (Siberia & Steppe) Bad times Incredibly cruel to the nobility The Boyars Transformed Russia into a despotic state
67. Michael Romanov Pulled Russia from the Time of Troubles after the death of Czar Ivan IV Elected Czar by the national assembly (ZemskySobor) Began the Romanov dynasty which lasted until 1917 Expelled foreign armies Formed alliance with England Raised taxes to build an army and strengthen the economy
68. Peter the Great (1682-1725) Attempted to instill absolute rule in Russia Claimed divine right to rule Divided Russia into provinces to be ruled by local governors Attempted to make administrators his slaves Built a large navy and army, drafting peasants for 25-year commitments Standing army of over 200,000 soldiers Desired to transform Russia into a European nation
69. Peter the Great (1689-1725) Westernization: Adopted European customs and manners Culture Dress Etiquette (wrote a book) Introduced “western” foods like the potato Established the first Russian newspaper Supported women’s rights Built the city of St. Petersburg To be closer to Europe (easier trade) To build a European style city
70. Why is Peter’s desire to make Russia more European interesting in light of recent events?
71. Catherine the Great (1762-1796) Had husband, Peter III, killed so she could rule Very cruel and shrewd Peasants treated horribly Often massacred own people with army Despite her cruelty, she was good for Russia Claimed land from Poland Defeated Turks and gained access to the Black Sea Added Alaska Promoted women’s rights and literacy
72. Prussia Where is Prussia? Arose out of ashes of the Holy Roman Empire after the 30 Years War ended in 1648 The Hohenzollerns became the controlling family Key Players: Frederick William (the Great Elector)
73. Frederick William (1640-1648) War, taxes, and conscription led to Frederick’s strengthened control in Prussia Built an army 60,000 strong Experienced resistance from the land-owning aristocracy, the Junkers (Yung-Kuhrs) How to get around this resistance? Traded free exercise of control of Prussia for: the noble’s free exercise of control over their peasants Exemption from taxation Highest ranks in the army
74. Prussia Through engagement in war, and the continued absolute rule by Frederick’s sons, Prussia expanded its empire into a European power