SE 350 – Programming Games

1. SE 350 – Programming Games Lecture 4: Programming with Unity Lecturer: GazihanAlankuş Please look at the last slide for assignments (marked with TODO)

2. Outline • No quiz today! (next week) • One hour of lecture • Unity Scripting • Last two hours • We’ll visit the industrial design department

3. Scripting in Unity • We’ll use C# • Others are not strongly-typed. Coding becomes a guesswork without intellisense (ctrl+space and whatnot). • With C#, you get a lot of help while coding. • I recommend using Visual Studio with ReSharper • Gives you auto-completion and quick refactoring support like Eclipse or IntelliJ • Do a short demo

4. C# may be new for you • Don’t read too much about it and confuse yourself. It’s easy. Learn the following: • Class (a collection of variable and function definitions, just a blueprint) • Object (an actual copy of a class in memory that you can use) • Method (functions defined in a class) • Field (variables defined in a class)

5. Defining and using Defining a class Creating objects from the class and using them MyClass c = new MyClass(); c.AField = 3; c.AMethod(); MyClassd = new MyClass(); d.AField= 5; d.AMethod(); class MyClass { intAField; void AMethod() { } } c d AField AField 3 5

6. Learn as you go • Don’t try to learn too much, you may confuse yourself • Apply and practice everything you read so that it makes sense

7. Scripting in Unity • You create a C# script (descendant from MonoBehavior) • You attach it to a game object • Unity calls its functions at appropriate times • Awake (earliest possible, make connections) • Start (before any of the updates, after awake) • Update (at every frame) • http://unity3d.com/support/documentation/ScriptReference/MonoBehaviour.html

8. MonoBehavior • This is one of the components that are attached to a game object • You can access many useful fields that correspond to other components that are attached to other • transform • rigidbody

9. MonoBehavior Fields (automatic variablesin MyScript) Game Object Components Transform transform Cube Rigidbody rigidbody MyScript (MonoBehavior) gameObject

10. MonoBehavior Game Object Components Transform GetComponent<Transform>() transform Cube GetComponent(“Transform”) MyOtherScript (MonoBehavior) GetComponent<MyOtherScript>() GetComponent(“MyOtherScript”) MyScript (MonoBehavior) gameObject

11. MonoBehavior Game Object Components It’s like doing this in class: Transform transform; void Awake() { transform = GetComponent<Transform>(); } Transform GetComponent<Transform>() transform Cube GetComponent(“Transform”) MyOtherScript (MonoBehavior) GetComponent<MyOtherScript>() GetComponent(“MyOtherScript”) MyScript (MonoBehavior) gameObject

12. MonoBehavior It’s like doing this in class: Transform transform; void Awake() { transform = GetComponent<Transform>(); } Game Object Components Transform GetComponent<Transform>() transform Cube GetComponent(“Transform”) MyOtherScript (MonoBehavior) GetComponent<MyOtherScript>() GetComponent(“MyOtherScript”) MyScript (MonoBehavior) Similarly, you should do: MyOtherScriptmyOtherScript; void Awake() { myOtherScript = GetComponent<MyOtherScript>(); } Instead of calling GetComponent in Update() gameObject

13. Using Standard Components in Code • Don’t try to memorize anything. Just look at the inspector and you’ll figure it out.

14. How to go about working with code • Access what you are interested in • Easy, just use the inspector as a guide • Get the value, it will probably be an object of a class • For example: Vector3 • Read about it in the script reference • http://unity3d.com/support/documentation/ScriptReference/ • Also, search for random stuff in the script reference. It’s likely to lead in the right direction.

15. Operator Overloading • Vector3 v3 = new Vector3(v1.x + v2.x, v1.y + v2.y, v1.z + v2.z); • Is equivalent to • Vector3 v3 = v1 + v2; • Also, Vector3 is a struct, not a class. It’s just like an int.

16. How to learn C# • Could not find a basic C# tutorial that is independent of other .Net stuff… • Unity and C# tutorials in catlikecoding.com are good • http://channel9.msdn.com/Series/C-Sharp-Fundamentals-Development-for-Absolute-Beginnersis not bad. If you don’t have enough time, watch 9, 14, 15, 21 • It’s fastest to learn from examples!

17. Great Sample Code in the Asset Store • http://u3d.as/content/m2h/c-game-examples/1sG • Download through Unity • Create new project and open asset store using the link in the above site • Click “import” • Five games with scenes • Also has a PDF file

18. TODO: Homework • Use the five game examples from here (explained in previous slide): http://u3d.as/content/m2h/c-game-examples/1sG • Read the PDF and understand how each game works • Make changes in two of the games that convinces me that you understood how the game works • Zip only the Assets folder in the Unity project • Share it through Dropbox and send me a link