Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

Chapter 15Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation

Introduction • Americans took land by Manifest Destiny • Expanding your land as far as you can

Louisiana Purchase • Across the Mississippi lay the unexplored territory of Louisiana • From Canada to south of Texas • From Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains • Louisiana was owned by France • Napoleon Bonaparte wanted to use this land for French farmers, would have closed important ports that the U.S. needed • These ports were how the U.S got their crops to nations across the oceans. (Cotton)

The Noble Bargain • Thomas Jefferson sent James Monroe (5th President) to France to buy New Orleans from them • He was offering 7.5 Million dollars • Napoleon was afraid that the farmers would rebel and riot in his farmlands so he did not need the area anymore • Instead of just New Orleans, Napoleon sold the entire state of Louisiana to the U.S for 15 Million • Another reason was that France and Britain were about to go to war and he did not want to loose the land to them

The Purchase Debate • The real cost of Louisiana was 2 to 3 cents per acre • People in the U.S. were upset…. Why? • Big price tag • Deal tore constitution into pieces • East thought would lose power • Thought that Louisiana would divide into mini states • After all the discussion, Senate approved the purchase

Florida • Andrew Jackson invaded Florida • Jefferson wanted to buy Florida from Spain and they said, “No deal!!” • Monroe sent Jackson to Florida to stop the raids and he stopped them and took over the state • Spain was upset and wanted him to be punished for his actions

“Govern or Get Out” • John Quincy Adams told Monroe to tell Spain that they need to govern Florida or get out of there! • In 1819, Spain gave Florida to the U.S. because they did not want to have a war with them. • In return, the U.S gave Spain 5 Million Dollars • U.S still let Spain control Texas

Questions • What was Manifest Destiny? • Who owned Louisiana? • Why did the US want to purchase Louisiana? • How much did we buy Louisiana for? • Why were citizens upset by the Louisiana Purchase? • Who owned Florida? • How did we get Florida?

Texas • Texas was a great area for cotton farming • Southerners wanted Texas so they could make more money

Americans came to Texas • Stephen Austin owned land in Texas and he invited 297 American farmers to live on his land • This was called the “Old Three hundred”

Rising Tensions • In Nine years population of Americans in Texas went from approx 300 to 25,000 • This caused tensions to rise between Americans and Mexicans • American Complaints: • They wanted to govern themselves • All government documents were in Spanish • There was no Slavery allowed in Texas

Mexican Complaints • Americans came illegally to Texas • Americans had no respect for their culture • Americans had no intensions in becoming Mexican citizens

Texans Rebel • Americans wanted Texas as an independent Nation and rebelled because of it • Mexico’s governments was very mad • Santa Anna (Mexican war leader) declared war on the U.S citizens in Texas • He went to war bringing with him 6,000 troops

The Alamo • San Antonio, Texas is where the first battle took place in this war • The first battle was 6,000 Mexican soldiers vs. 180 Texan Volunteers • The Texans were outnumbered so they hid out in an old Mexican Mission named The Alamo • Key Texans in this battle: • Davy Crockett • William Travis • James Bowie

Santa Anna surrounded The Alamo • For 12 days, the Mexican Army pounded on the outside of the mission • The 13th day Santa Anna stormed in and killed all of the men inside • The Battle lasted only 90 minutes • Texans were mad and wanted revenge

Texas Wins its Independence • Sam Houston wanted to fight Santa Anna and gain Texas’ independence • Houston got Santa Anna in the middle of Texas away from his supplies and attacked him and his army as they slept • As they attacked he shouted out the famous words: “Remember the Alamo” • After the battle was over Texas won its independence

To Annex Texas or Not • Texas stayed independent for 10 years after the war • Congress finally decided that they would annex Texas • to add a territory to an established country • Texas became the 28th State in America

Questions • Why did the southerners want Texas? • What was the “Old Three Hundred?” • What were the American complaints about Texas? • What were the Mexican complaints about Texas? • What was the Alamo? • Who were the three key Texans in the battle? • What did Sam Houston yell during the battle? • What does annex mean? • What number state is Texas?

Oregon Country • Claimed by four nations: Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the US • Spain and Russia dropped out • Great Britain and US agreed to a peaceful “joint occupation”

Discovering Oregon • Lewis and Clark Expedition, too rugged for ordinary travelers • Jedediah Smith found better route called South Pass through the Rocky Mountains

Oregon Forever • First to travel South Pass were missionaries who made few converts (accept a new religion) • Oregon – “Pioneers Paradise” • Many settlers came for a fresh start • Oregon Fever

All of Oregon or Half? • Polk won election because of slogans about Oregon • “All of Oregon or none!” • “Fifty-four forty or fight!” • Didn’t want war with Britain so divided Oregon in half at 49th parallel • US and Britain settled without spilling a drop of blood

Questions • What four nations claimed Oregon? • Which two nations ended up sharing the land? • Who went on an expedition to Oregon that was too rough for ordinary travelers? • Who found a better route to Oregon? What was it called? • Who were the first to travel to Oregon? Why? • What was the outcome on who received the land in Oregon?

War with Mexico • Polk – wanted to expand the US as far as he could • Purchase or by force take California and New Mexico • Mexican territories that were neglected • Mexican officials refused Polk’s proposal to buy the land

War Breaks Out in Texas • Annexation of Texas act of war to Mexico • They couldn’t agree on a border for Texas • Congress declared war on Mexico after firing on American Troops • Mexico thought we were greedy

Fall of New Mexico and California • General Stephen Kearny led Army from Kansas • Americans took control of New Mexico without firing a shot • John C. Fremont launched rebellion in CA • Arrested and jailed Mexican commander • Raised a flag showing a grizzly bear drawn with juice • Bear Flag Republic

United States Invades Mexico • Troops led by Zachary Taylor • “Old Rough and Ready” • Stopped by Santa Anna, but retreated from Northern Mexico • General Winfield Scott led troops in southern Mexico • “Old Fuss and Feathers” • Captured Mexico City

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo • Mexico gave up Texas or half their territory, which included CA and NM • Mexican Cession • US had to pay them $15 million and protect Mexicans living there still • Some opposed the treaty: • No right to take Mexican territory other than Texas should return the land • Wanted even more land

“From Sea to Shining Sea” • James Gadsden purchased a strip of land south of the Mexican Cession for $10 million • Gadsden Purchase • Bully or invade was dark side to Manifest Destiny

Questions • Which two territories did Polk want from Mexico? • Why did Congress declare war on Mexico? • How did California become known as the Bear Flag Republic? • What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? • Why did some senators oppose the treaty? • What purchase resulted in the nation stretching “from sea to shining sea?” • What was the dark side of Manifest Destiny?

Chapter 15 Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation