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Unit III B

Unit III B. Medieval Europe (Middle Ages). Battle of Tours:. Battle at Tours, France where Christian armies stopped Islam from advancing into Christian Europe. Moors:. Name given to Muslims in Spain (Islam was spreading into Europe from N. Africa. Charles Martel:.

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Unit III B

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  1. Unit III B • Medieval Europe (Middle Ages) Izydorczak

  2. Battle of Tours: Battle at Tours, France where Christian armies stopped Islam from advancing into Christian Europe. Izydorczak

  3. Moors: Name given to Muslims in Spain (Islam was spreading into Europe from N. Africa Izydorczak

  4. Charles Martel: Christian leader who defeated Muslim armies at Battle of Tours Izydorczak

  5. Charlemagne: Powerful Frankish ruler who built a large Christian empire in central Europe Izydorczak

  6. Izydorczak

  7. Feudalism: Political system in which nobles or lords are granted land from the king in exchange for loyalty and military service Izydorczak

  8. Manorialism: Economic system of feudalism; Medieval lord’s estate {self-sufficient} Izydorczak

  9. Izydorczak

  10. Feudal Class System: Rigid class system in Europe during feudalism Izydorczak

  11. Lords: Powerful landowners Izydorczak

  12. Vassal: A person owing service to a feudal lords Izydorczak

  13. Fief: Land granted by a lord to a vassal Izydorczak

  14. Knights: Warriors who defended their Lords lands Izydorczak

  15. To fear God and maintain His ChurchTo serve the liege lord in valour and faithTo protect the weak and defencelessTo give succour to widows and orphansTo refrain from the wanton giving of offenceTo live by honour and for gloryTo despise pecuniary rewardTo fight for the welfare of allTo obey those placed in authorityTo guard the honour of fellow knightsTo eschew unfairness, meanness and deceitTo keep faithAt all times to speak the truthTo persevere to the end in any enterprise begunTo respect the honour of womenNever to refuse a challenge from an equalNever to turn the back upon a foe. Chivalry: Behavior code of Medieval knights which stresses discipline, loyalty and respect Izydorczak

  16. Serf: Peasants bound to land of their feudal lords Izydorczak

  17. Clergy: Church officials [Priests, monks, nuns, bishops, etc..]. Izydorczak

  18. Tithe Tynemouth Priory - Late medieval church and graveyard Church tax. Izydorczak

  19. Gothic Church style of architecture in medieval Europe (example: ribbed arches, stain glass windows, flying buttress, pointed arches, tall spires). Izydorczak

  20. Canon Law Church laws and standards that guided Christians during the Middle ages Izydorczak

  21. Interdiction (Form of punishment) Church punishment, cutting off official church functions, services, etc., in a particular area. Izydorczak

  22. Lay Investiture: Appointment of religious officials (clergy) by kings or nobles. Izydorczak

  23. Usury: Appointment of religious officials (clergy) by kings or nobles. Izydorczak

  24. Simony: Practice of selling positions in the church Izydorczak

  25. Inquisition: Roman Catholic church court in charge of investigating & prosecuting charges of heresy- especially active in SPAIN during the 1400’s. Izydorczak

  26. Anti-Semitism: Prejudice against Jews. Izydorczak

  27. Unit III B • Crusades (Middle Ages) Izydorczak

  28. Crusades: European Christian military expeditions made between the 11th and 13th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims. Izydorczak

  29. Holy Land: Term given to lands in present day Israel that is significant to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Izydorczak

  30. Seljuk Turks Dynasty that controlled Turkey during the 11th and 12th centuries. The Seljuk disruption of European travel to the Holy Lands resulted in the Crusades. Izydorczak

  31. Saladin: Muslim leader during the crusaders who captured Jerusalem, allows unarmed Christians to worship in peace in the holy land. This deal was struck with Richard the Lionhearted. Izydorczak

  32. Commercial Revolution: Economic changes decreasing the role of feudalism and Manorialism towards systems of capitalism, trade and commerce between the 1000 and 1300. Expansion of business and trade as agriculture increased. Izydorczak

  33. Gentry: Wealthy landowners Izydorczak

  34. Guild: Association of artisans and tradesmen formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards during Medieval age Izydorczak

  35. Hanseatic League: Band of German merchant traders working cooperatively to protect their trade interests and eventually monopolized trade on the Baltic and North Seas. Izydorczak

  36. Vernacular: Common, everyday language – not Latin. Izydorczak

  37. Bubonic Plague/Black Death: Epidemic during the 13th and 14th centuries killing millions in China and killing one-third of Europeans Izydorczak

  38. Nation-state: An independent nation or country. Izydorczak

  39. Common Law: [English Common Law] A unified body of law formed from rulings of England’s royal judges that serves as the basis for law in many English-speaking countries today – like the USA. Izydorczak

  40. Magna Carta (Great Charter) A document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, Power of purse to Parliament. Drawn up by nobles and “approved” by King John (1215) **First time a monarch’s power is reduced. Izydorczak

  41. Parliament: England’s governing body – the legislature. Izydorczak

  42. Estates General: The governing body of France (legislature) PRE-FRENCH REVOLUTION Izydorczak

  43. Hundred Years’ War: Conflict in which England and France battled on French soil over English claims to French lands.[1337-1453] Izydorczak

  44. Joan of Arc: French peasant girl who rallied French troops to defeat the English in the Hundred Years’ War – thus enabling Charles to become king of France. Izydorczak

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