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Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Insights and Implications for Climate Science

Explore the foundational elements of the carbon cycle in this insightful workshop presented by Taro Takahashi from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Delve into comprehensive data on atmospheric CO2 levels, oceanic carbon dynamics, and the implications for marine ecosystems and climate change. Learn about key research findings from 1957-2008, including CO2 concentrations in various environments and the effects of rising CO2 on marine photosynthesis and calcification processes. Gain a deeper understanding of carbon emissions, sequestration, and the global carbon cycle.

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Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Insights and Implications for Climate Science

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  1. Earth2Class Workshops for Teachers Foundation of the Carbon Cycle Science: What we know and don’t ! Taro Takahashi Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University October 18, 2008

  2. Air CO2 at Mauna Loa and South Pole, 1957-2000

  3. Air CO2 at Mauna Loa and South Pole, 2000-2008

  4. Global Carbon Cycle

  5. CO2 Concentrations in Deep Oceans

  6. CO2 Cycle in the Oceans Takahashi (Science, 2004)

  7. CLIMATOLOGICAL MEAN SEA-AIR pCO2 DIFFERENCES FEBRUARY, 2000 AUGUST, 2000

  8. Mean Annual Rate of Net Sea-Air CO2 Flux Takahashi et al. (Deep Sea Res., 2008)

  9. Change in pCO2 of Surface Ocean Water in the Pacific Ocean Takahashi et al. (DSR, 2008)

  10. ATMOSPHERIC CO2 – MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS - CALCIFIERS CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O = Ca++ + 2 HCO3- SHELLS AIR/SEA OCEAN DISSOLVED FORAMINIFERA COCCOLITHS CORALS Increase in atmospheric CO2 causes dissolution of CaCO3. (The reaction goes to right) Increase in the photosynthetic utilization of CO2 encourages The growth of CaCO3. (The reaction goes to left.) Precipitation of CaCO3 causes seawater to lose CO2 to air. (The reaction goes to left.)

  11. pCO2 and Coral Growth Rate

  12. Volume of Liquid CO2 Emissions and Sequestration Capacity Global CO2 Emissions ~ 6 Gigatons-C/yr (1 Gigaton = 1 billion tons = 1015 grams) Volume as liquid CO2 ~ 30 ft x 50 miles x 50 miles U. S. Emissions ~1.3 Gigatons-C/yr Volume as liquid CO2 ~ 30 ft x 10 miles x 10 miles (3600 x Giant Stadium) ------------------------------------------------------------------ Depleted gas reservoirs 0.5 – 170 Gigaton-C “Depleted” oil reservoirs 3 – 80 Gigatons-C Land aquifers 50 – 14,000 Gigatons-C Juan de Fuca Ridge 250 Gigaton-C Deep ocean rocks Very large ?

  13. Sea Floor Basalt at the Juan de Fuca Ridge (Water Depth ~2700 meters)

  14. Juan de Fuca Ridge Area for CO2 Sequestration Goldberg, Takahashi & Slagle (2008) Proc. National Academy of Sciences

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