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Influence of Human Activities and Demographic Trends on the Environment of Grdelicka Gorge (South Serbia)

This study examines the impact of human activities and demographic trends on soil erosion in the hilly and mountainous regions of Grdelicka Gorge in South Serbia. It analyzes the relationship between the agricultural population and the available land for agricultural production, as well as the changes in erosion processes over time. The findings emphasize the need for sustainable soil management practices to conserve natural resources and support the survival of local communities.

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Influence of Human Activities and Demographic Trends on the Environment of Grdelicka Gorge (South Serbia)

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  1. INFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF GRDELICKA GORGE (SOUTH SERBIA) Miodrag Zlatić1, Milena Lakićević1, Jelena Tomićević1 1Faculty of Forestry of Belgrade University, Serbia

  2. In Serbia, the main factor in provoking soil erosion is human action.

  3. The hilly and mountainous regions of Serbia are predisposed toaccelerated erosion.About 70 % of its area is steeply sloping. The basic demographic-economicproblem of Serbia is the relationshipbetween the size of the agricultural populationand the area of soil at their disposal for agricultural production.

  4. EROSION PROCESSES ACCORDING TO SOC. EC. FACTORS I PERIOD: up to mid fifties of 20th century II PERIOD: From mid fifties until now

  5. State of erosion in mid fifties according to human activities

  6. Methods of research • The representative watersheds selected for study are: Repinska reka, Kalimanska reka and Lještarska dolina. • The method of Gavrilovic has been utilized for estimation the degree of erosion. The impact of socio-economic factors upon the state of the erosion in the study areas was examined by the statistics data refered to the examined watersheds. • The statistics data obtains necessary informations about the household, number of inhabitans, their sex, age and economic structures, thereafter about those moving in and away, their business outside the household, the state of the livestock funds etc.

  7. Number of inhabitants for selected villages of Grdelicka Gorge,1900-2002

  8. Number of households for selected villages of Grdelicka Gorge,1900-2002

  9. State of erosion and soil loss in researched watersheds

  10. Migration balance,1971-2002

  11. Livestock fund,1981-2002

  12. Livestock fund – number of sheep and goats,1981-2002

  13. Socio-economic prospects

  14. Average age of inhabitants,1981-2002

  15. Results of migrations: Old household members prevail

  16. Number of labour - active inhabitants,1981-2002

  17. Number of active agricultural inhabitants,1981-2002

  18. CONCLUSIONS • The natural conditions in the Grdelicka Gorge favour erosion processes. • However, the main factors of accelerated erosion are anthropogenic. • The period up to mid – fifties and sixties was characterized by high agrarian pressure and, as its consequence, intensive erosion. • The period after mid fifties and sixties has been characterized by rural depopulation and changes in the structure of agricultural production.

  19. CONCLUSIONS • As people have left their households, only elderly people remained and many arable fields fell from cultivation. • These circumstances, together with biological and engineering measures, contributed to the reduction of the erosion. • Nowadays, it appears necessary to organize production around the principles of soil management for sustainability.

  20. CONCLUSIONS • It is in this manner that the conservation of natural resources and environmental value will be supported, while enabling people to stay and survive in these regions, giving the stakeholders right to participate in decision-making on environmental issues.

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