Stanford March 11, 1999 iceberg.cs.berkeley

1. Bridge to the Future ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. JosephRandy H. KatzReiner E. LudwigB. R. BadrinathUC Berkeley S. S. 7 Stanford March 11, 1999 http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network

2. ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks BEyond the thiRd Generation • June 1998 - June 2001, joint with Ericsson • High BW IP backbones plus diverse access networks • Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics • Real-time services across diverse access networks • 3G cellular: UMTS/IMT2000 • Next generation wireless LANs: Bluetooth • Home networking: DSL / Cable modem

3. Universal Inbox Transparent Information Access Speech-to-Text Speech-to-Voice Attached-Email Call-to-Pager/Email Notification Email-to-Speech All compositions of the above! Policy-based Location-based Activity-based Empower users!

4. Smart Spaces • Walk into a A/V room and control everything with your own wireless PDA • Services for each device • Automated discovery and use • Automated UI generation • Composite behaviors • Phones as well as PDAs • Speech-enabled control

5. Same service in different networks Service handoff between networks 2-way Paging PSTN IAP IAP IAP E.g., “follow me” service E.g., any-to-any service • Iceberg Access Points (More than gateways) • Impedance matching • Provide policy engine • Handles routing, security IP IAP WIP High BW IP core Diverse access links IAP Potentially Any Network Service (PANS) GSM/CDMA

6. Important Trends • Multimedia / Voice over IP networks • Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network • Simultaneous delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows (RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling) • Intelligence shifts to the network edges • User-implemented functionality • Programmable intelligence inside the network • Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure • TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” • Rapid new service development, Speech-based services • New challenges for network security and management • Cellular networks for the 21st century • High BW data (384 Kb/s-2 Mb/s): Reliable Link Protocols

7. ICEBERG Project Goals • Demonstrate ease of new service deployment • Packet voice for computer-telephony integration • Speech- and location-enabled applications • Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones) • Encapsulating legacy servers and supporting new, “thin” clients • Demonstrate new system architecture to support innovative applications • Personal Information Management • Universal Messaging: e-mail, news, fax, voice mail • Notification redirection: e.g., e-mail, pager • Home networking and control of “smart” spaces • Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall, transfer to home environment

8. ICEBERG Project Goals • Understand the implications for cellular network design based on IP technology • Cellular / IP interworking functionality • Scalability: 100,000s of simultaneous users in the SF Bay Area • “Soft” QoS for wide-area, delay-sensitive flows • Understand how to securely • Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-to-text • Deploy and manage computational resources in the network • Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and redirection, inside the network

9. Outline • Example Services • Trends and Goals • Experimental Testbed • Project Approach • Research Areas • Cellular / IP integration • Wireless link management • Multi-modal services • Summary

10. SimMillennium Network Infrastructure Experimental Testbed IBM WorkPad Velo Nino MC-16 Motorola Pagewriter 2000 CF788 Pager WLAN / Bluetooth 306 Soda 405 Soda H.323 GW 326 Soda “Colab” GSM BTS TCI @Home Millennium Cluster Smart Spaces Personal Information Management Millennium Cluster

11. Project Approach • Make it real: build a large-scale testbed • Time travel: bring the future to the present • Collect “real” information about systems • Users develop new/interesting applications • Understanding three key research areas • Cellular / IP integration: Mobility Management, Universal Inbox • Wireless link management • Packet Scheduling in GPRS/W-CDMA, Reliable Link Protocols • Multi-modal services: Speech control / Information dissemination • ProActive Infrastructure: NINJA • Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure • Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text • Service/server discovery, security, authentication, and billing

12. Internet-Scale Systems Research Group 5 faculty, ~35 students Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces” Distributed Videoconferencing Room-scale Collaboration Speech and Location Aware Applications ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services TranSend Extensible Proxy Services MASH Media Processing Services Active Services Architecture Distributed Computing Services: NINJA Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW

13. Outline • Example Services • Trends and Goals • Experimental Testbed • Project Approach • Research Areas • New service requirements: Multi-modal user interfaces • Generalized Information Redirection • Cellular / IP integration • Wireless link management • Summary

14. New Service Requirements • Encapsulation of complex data transformations • Speech-to-text, text-to-speech • Dynamic service composition • Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail • Location-aware information services • E.g., traffic reports • Multicast-enabled information services • Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number of subscribed layers increases • Reliable information delivery over low bandwidth links

15. Multi-Modal User Interfaces • Speech is the ubiquitous access method • Access from millions of phones (analog to digital cellular) • Rapid support for new devices (new device in 2 hrs!) Gateway Cell Phone Service Entity Room Control RMI UDP Simja Server RTP IP-Pad (BTS) Room (MASH) Entity Barbara Entity Emre RMI

16. ICSI Speech Recognizer NLP Text Control/Metadata Interactive Voice Response to A/V Devices Application • Dynamic data transcoding • Source and target data format independence / isolation A/V Devices Automatic Path Creation Room Entity Cmd Audio Microphone Cell phone Response to Client

17. Generalized Redirection Agents • Users (will) have many communication devices • Dynamic policy-based redirection • User- or service-specified policies • Universal Inbox: 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc. • Use APC to perform dynamic data transcoding • Service mobility as a first class object

18. Service Mobility as aFirst-Class Object Universal Names: Globally unique IDs “Anthony@Berkeley” OfficePSTN: 510-643-7212 FaxPSTN: 510-643-7352 DeskIP: rover.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: fido.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: 510-555-7212 E-mail: adj@cs.berkeley.edu Home: 510-555-1212 An Entity has a universal name and a profile; Entities are people, services or processes Profile: set of domain-specific names

19. Profile Policy System State weeks/months • Replicated • Information: • Real-time • Lazy • Epidemic days/weeks minutes/hours Iceberg Inter-Domain Naming Protocol IAP Call(Randy@Berkeley, Caller’s network, Interactive, CallerID certificate) IDNP Server IDNP Server

20. IDNP Servern IDNP Server1 Univ-Inbox Service IAP1 IAP2 IAP3 IAP4 IAP5 Laptop (VAT) Universal Inbox Service E-Mail store PSTN IP Core Network GSM Voice Mail store

21. 1. Dial Number 4. Create Data-Path 2. Intercept Call Data Path (Null) Univ-Inbox Service IDNP Server 3. Access Directory Service 5. Complete Call-Setup Cell-Phone to Cell-Phone

22. 1. Dial Number 4. Create Data-Path 2. Intercept Call GSM Data Path IDNP Server Univ-Inbox Service PCM 3. Access Directory Service 6. Another Path Voice-mail Service 5. Complete Call-Setup PCM Text ---- ---- ---- 7. Send e-mail Cell-Phone to E-Mail

23. Cellular / IP Integration • Integrating a GSM BTS with an IP core network • Mapping IP signaling to SS7 radio management • Call admission and handoff • Mobility management interworking • Mobile IP uses home agent / foreign agent • GSM uses Home Location Register / Visiting Location Register • Handoff between Mobile IP and GSM networks • Scalability, security of Mobile IP?

24. GSM BTS-IP Integration Interactive Voice Response Uses OM & TRAFFIC to simulate BSC, MSC, and HLR functionality Infocaster NetMeeting VAT PC 2 TRX Control Signaling Internet IP-PAD Signaling UPSim RBS 2202 Thor-2 E1 GPC board Ethernet Traffic E1: Voice @ 13kb/s Data @ 12kb/s GSM Phone Performs rate adaptation function of ZAK/TRAU PSTN H.323 GW

25. Wireless Link Management • Modeling GSM data links • Validated ns modeling suite, now using BONES simulator • GSM channel error models from Ericsson • QoS and link scheduling for next generation links • High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) • RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling • Reliable Link Protocols • Wireless links have high error rates (> 1%) • Reliable transport protocols (TCP) interpret errors as congestion • Solution is ARQ protocol, but retransmissions introduce jitter

26. RLP-TCP Collection & Analysis Tools • RLP and TCP interaction measurement / analysis • Both are reliable protocols (link and transport layers) • Trace analysis tool to determine current interaction effects • Tools for design of next generation networks (e.g., frame length) TCP: End-to-End Reliability RLP: Wireless Reliability GSM Network GSM-IP Gateway BTS RLP stats TCP / RLP stats TCP stats Post-processing tool (300 bytes/s)

27. TCP and RLP Data PlotSent 30,720 bytes from mobile host to stationary host Dynamic interface - Zoom, scale - Add/delete items

28. Summary • Iceberg testbed will be mostly completed by summer • Testbed will enable development of new protocols • Lots of on-going design work • Automatic path creation • Service handoff: Passing metadata across/through networks • IVR: More applications and devices (WindowsCE) • Service location and discovery • Query model and security

29. Bridge to the Future ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. JosephRandy H. KatzReiner E. LudwigB. R. BadrinathUC Berkeley S. S. 7 Stanford March 11, 1999 http://iceberg.cs.berkeley.edu Cellular “Core” Network