Download
1 / 83
830 likes | 832 Vues
Bell Work Tuesday 9/09. Look in your book beginning on page 123 and begin reading to find the answers 1. What event caused the beginning of the Trojan War? 2. For how long was writing absent during the Dorian Age? 3. What human qualities did the Greeks attribute to their Gods?.
E N D
Bell WorkTuesday 9/09 Look in your book beginning on page 123 and begin reading to find the answers • 1. What event caused the beginning of the Trojan War? • 2. For how long was writing absent during the Dorian Age? • 3. What human qualities did the Greeks attribute to their Gods?
Binder Set up 1st Tab: Vocabulary 2nd Tab: Notes 3rd Tab: Writing Samples 4th Tab: Misc/Important Papers
Learning Targets Unit 1: Foundations • Learning Target 1: Task 1 • To learn this I will read and orally match up important vocabulary terms pertaining to the unit covering Chapter 5 through the use of a vocabulary match-up activity • Learning Target 2: Task 1 • To learn this I will read and write/record information regarding the geographic features that led to the development of early Greek civilization and the differences between the Spartan and Athenian focus on educationthrough the creation of student centered guided notes
Bell WorkWednesday 9/10 Look in your book beginning on page 123 and begin reading to find the answers • 1. Who was the most famous of all the Greek story tellers? • 2. What are epics (a.k.a. Epic Poems)? • 3. What did the Greeks attempt to understand through the use of myths?
Classical Greece Chapter 5
Geography Shapes Greek Life- • Ancient Greece was mainly a mountain peninsula jetting out into the Mediterranean Sea. • Containing roughly 2,000 islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas.
Geography Shapes Greek Life- • The Sea- The Greeks rarely had to travel more than 85 miles in order to reach the coastline. • As a result the Greeks became skilled sailors, and linked them with other societies. • Due to the fact that Greece lacked natural resources trade became a vital part of Greek life.
Geography Shapes Greek Life- • The Land- Rugged Mountains covered three-fourths of ancient Greece dividing it into several different regions. • These mountains caused Greece to developed small independent communities instead of a large central government.
Mycenaean Civilization Develops- • Mycenaean’s were Indo-European immigrants who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C. Their leading city was named Mycenae. • Mycenae was located in Southern-Greece on a rocky ridge with a protective wall 20 feet thick.
Mycenaean Civilization Develops- • Contact with the Minoans- • Either through trade or war the Mycenaean’s came into contact with the Minoans. • This showed the Mycenaean’s the value of seaborne trade. • They sailed through the eastern Mediterranean making stops at the Algerian islands, costal Anatolia and the ports of Syria, Egypt, Italy, and Crete.
Mycenaean Civilization Develops- • The Mycenaean’s also adapted to the Minoan writing system to the Greek language. • The Minoan’s heavily influenced Greek religious practices, art, politics, and literature.
Mycenaean Civilization Develops- • The Trojan War-During the 1200’s B.C. the Mycenaean’s fought a ten-year war against the city of Troy. • The Greek army besieged and destroyed Troy because they believed a Trojan prince Paris had kidnapped Helen. • The Trojan warriors hid in a giant wooden horse and attacking the city while they were asleep.
Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorian’s- • The Dorians were far less advanced than the Mycenaean’s. Their economy collapsed and trade eventually came to a standstill. • Most importantly historians believe that the Greeks appear to have temporarily lost the art of writing during the Dorian Age. • No written record exists for a 400-year period between 1150 and 750 B.C. • So little is known about this part of Greek history.
Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorian’s- • Epics of Homer- • According to Greek tradition the greatest story teller was a blind man named Homer. • The Trojan War serves as the backdrop to one of his greatest epic poems the Iliad. • The poem focuses on Hector’s pursuit of the Greek ideal of arête meaning virtue or excellence.
Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorian’s- • Greeks Create Myths-The Greeks developed a rich set of myths, about their gods. • Through these myths the Greeks sought to understand the mysteries of nature, the power of human passions, and even the changing seasons.
Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorian’s- • The Greeks attributed human characteristics such as greed, love hate and jealousy to their gods. • The gods quarreled like humans except they lived forever. • Zeus was the king of the gods, living on Mount Olympus with his wife Hera. Hera was jealous of Zeus’s affairs with human women (resulting in the birth of Hercules). • The city of Athens was named after Athena Zeus’s daughter the goddess of wisdom.
Bell WorkThursday 9/11 Look in your book beginning on page 127 to find the answers • 1. How did an aristocracy differ from an oligarchy? • 2. What were helots? • 3. How were Greek phalanx organized?
Rules and Order in Greek City-States- • By 750 B.C. the city-state or polis was the fundamental political unit in ancient Greece. • Most polis’ controlled between 50 and 500 square miles of territory and contained fewer than 10,000 residents. • Citizens gathered at the acropolis to discuss matters of city government.
Rules and Order in Greek City-States- • Greek Political Structures-Greek city states had several different forms of government. • Monarchy-A government led by a single ruler. • Most often a king or a queen. • Aristocracy- A government ruled by a small group of noble land owning families. • Oligarchy- A government ruled by a few powerful people. • Direct Democracy- A form of government in which citizens ruled directly and not through representatives.
Rules and Order in Greek City-States- • Tyrants Seize Power- Powerful individuals called tyrants appealed to the commoners in order to gain political influence. • They were neither harsh nor cruel; instead they worked for the good of ordinary citizens. • Often set up building projects to provide jobs for those who supported them.
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy- • To avoid political upheaval the Greeks moved towards democracy • Citizens actively participate in gov. • Building Democracy- The first step towards democracy occurred when Draco took power in 621 B.C.
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy- • Draco developed a legal code that would allow all Athenians (rich and poor) to be considered equal under the law. • Draco’s democratic code- • Dealt harshly with criminals and made the death penalty standard for practically every crime. • Upheld the practice of debt slavery
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy- • Solon’s democratic reform 594 B.C.- • Stated that no citizen should own another citizen, outlawed debt slavery. • Organized all Athenians into four social classes according to wealth. • Top three classes could hold political offices. • All citizens regardless of class could participate in the Athenian assembly. • Introduced the concept that any citizen could bring up charges against wrongdoers.
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy- • Under Cleisthenes citizenship was limited to a small number of Athenians. • Free property owning adult males born in Athens were considered citizens. • Women, slaves, and foreigners had relatively few rights.
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy- • Athenian Education-Only the sons of wealthy families received formal educations. • Athenian Education: Boys- • School started around the age of seven • Focused on preparing boys to be good citizens. • They studied grammar, poetry, history, math, and music. • They also received training in logic and public speaking. • Also part of each day was devoted to athletic activities.
Athens Builds a Limited Democracy- • The Girls- • Athenian girls did not go to school rather they learned from their mothers and other women at home. • Girls would learn about child rearing, weaving cloth, preparing meals, managing the household to become good wives and mothers. • Wealthy women learned to read and write.
Bell WorkMonday 9/15 Look in your book beginning on page 127 and begin reading to find the answers • 1. What was the purpose of the acropolis? • 2. How would you describe a tyrant in your own words? • 3. Which two enemies fought in the Persian War and why did they fight?
Sparta Builds a Military State- • Sparta Builds a Military-Sparta was located in the southern part of Greece. • In both cultural outlook and values Sparta sharply contrasted the other city- states. Instead of being a democracy Sparta was a military state.
Sparta Builds a Military State- • Sparta Dominates the Messenia’s- • 725 B.C. Sparta conquered the neighboring region of Messenia. • The Messenians became helots • Helots were forced to work the land and were required to give the Spartans half their crops. • Around 650 B.C. tired of Spartan rule the Messenians rose up and rebelled. The Spartans put down the rebellion even though they were out numbered 8 to 1.
Sparta Builds a Military State- • Spartan Government and Society- • Government- Made up of several branches. • An Assembly- Which comprised of all Spartan citizens, elected officials and voted on major issues. • The Council of Elders- Made up of 30 older citizens which proposed the laws the assembly voted on. • Five Elected Officials- Carried out the laws passed by the assembly. They also controlled education and prosecuted court cases. • Two Kings-Who ruled over Sparta’s military forces.
Sparta Builds a Military State- • Society- Made up of several groups • Citizens who descended from the original inhabits of the region. • Ruling families who owned the land. • Noncitizens who were free working in commerce and industry. • The helots were at the bottom of Spartan society, considered little better than slaves. They tended the fields or acted as house servants.
Sparta Builds a Military State- • Spartan Life-For the most part, men and women had completely different roles • Spartan Life- Boys • Daily activities consisted of military training • Marching and fighting in all weather with only a tight tunic with no shoes • Boys were removed from the house at 7 years old and trained until they turned 30 serving until age 60. • They ate black porridge. • Those who were still hungry were encouraged to steal food, this created resourceful soldiers.
Sparta Builds a Military State- • The Girls- • Spartan women received some military training, while they also ran, wrestled and played sports. • Like men, women were taught to place duty to Sparta above everything including family. • Legend has it that Spartan women would tell their husbands “come back with your shield or on it”. • Women also ran the family while the husbands were away which differed from Athens where women were supposed to remain out of sight and quietly raise children.
The Persian Wars • The danger of the helot revolt led Sparta to become a military state, and struggles between rich and poor lead Athens to become a democracy. • However, the greatest threat to Greece was the threat of Persian invasion.
The Persian Wars • A New Kind of Army Emerges- • During the Dorian Age, only the rich could afford bronze spears, shields, breast plates, and chariots. • Iron later replaced Bronze which allowed ordinary citizens to purchase weapons and defend themselves. • A new type of army formed comprised of rich merchants, artisans, and small land owners. • Phalanx-Foot soldiers standing side by side holding spears and shields.
The Persian Wars • Battle at Marathon- • The Persian Wars (between Greece and Persia) began in Ionia around 546 B.C. when the Persians conquered the area. • The Ionians revolted and Athens sent soldiers and ships to their aid. • Darius the Great- the Persian king defeated the rebels and vowed to destroy Athens. • 490 B.C.-25,000 Persians crossed the Aegean Sea and fought 10,000 Athenians arranged in phalanxes. Persians wore light armor and were poorly trained. • Death toll: Persians-6,000 Athenians- 200.
The Persian Wars • Consequences of the Persian War- • Defeating the Persians filled the Greeks with a sense of pride • Especially Athens who during the 470s had become the leader of the Delian League which contained 200 city-states • Athens used military force against anyone who challenged their authority.
Bell WorkTuesday 9/16 Look in your book beginning on page 134 and begin reading to find the answers • 1.What is direct democracy and whose legacy is it tied to? • 2. What were the standards of classical art? • 3.What were the two types of Greek Drama?
Pericles’ Plan for Athens • The Golden Age of Athens- A 50 year period (477 to 431 B.C.) where Athens experienced both intellectual and artistic growth.
Pericles’ Plan for Athens • Pericles lead Athens for 32 years • He was described as honest, fair, an inspiring speaker, a skillful politician and a respected general. • 461 to 429 called the Age of Pericles
Pericles’ Plan for Athens • Pericles' Three Goals for Athens- • Strengthen Athens Democracy • Hold and strengthen the empire • Glorify Athens • Direct Democracy-A form of government in which citizens ruled directly and not through representatives.
Pericles’ Plan for Athens • Stronger Democracy- • Political office became a paid position • Now any one rich or poor could serve if elected or chosen • Direct Democracy became one of Pericles’ lasting legacies
