1 / 24
Télécharger la présentation

Phonology: Cross-linguistic variation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

Playing audio...

  1. Phonology: Cross-linguistic variation LING 200 Winter 2009

  2. Plan for today • Phonological typology • Examples from Chinese and Korean • Phonological rules and foreign accents • Examples from Spanish and English • For further learning about sounds of spoken languages: LING 450 please turn off your cell phone

  3. Phonological typology • = Different types of phonological systems • Variation in phoneme inventories • Variation in phonological rules • Variation in consonant, vowel sequencing restrictions

  4. Mandarin (Chinese) vowel inventory [y] = high front rounded vowel [ɤ] = mid back unrounded vowel

  5. Mandarin vowels Chia-Hui Huang, Taiwanese and Mandarin speaker [ ̂] = high falling tone

  6. Mandarin tones • From http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/publications/files/lf10/lf10_sounds.html male and female speakers

  7. Korean vowels

  8. Korean vowels Sophie Ahn, from Pusan, but speaking here in Seoul (standard Korean) accent

  9. Korean vowel length: prescriptive only

  10. Korean glides /w/  [ɥ] / C ___ i [ɥ] = high front rounded glide  [ö̯] / C ___ e [ö̯] = mid front rounded glide [u] : [w] :: [y] : [ɥ] :: [ö] : [ö̯] [wi] ‘upper part; stomach’ [tɥi] ‘behind’ [weka] ‘maternal family, house’ [k’ö̯e] ‘idea, scheme; quite’

  11. Korean consonants C’ = “tense” or “fortis” (small glottal opening) p p’ ph t t’ th k k’ kh ts ts’ tsh s s’ h m n ŋ l w j

  12. Korean tense consonants [pul] ‘fire’ [tɑl] ‘moon’ [p’ul] ‘horn’ [t’ɑl] ‘daughter’ [phul] ‘grass’ [thɑl] ‘face mask’ [ki] ‘flag’ [sɑl] ‘flesh, skin’ [k’i] ‘meal’ [s’ɑl] ‘raw rice’ [khi] ‘height’ /s/ = [sh]

  13. Liquids in Korean One liquid phoneme /l/  [ɺ] / ___ V (unless long) ([ɺ] = alveolar lateral or retroflex flap)

  14. Korean liquids [ɺ] [l] [uɺi] ‘we’ [mul] ‘water’ [kɑɺu] ‘powder’ [ilkop] ‘seven’ [ɺupi] ‘ruby’ [l:] [tal:e] ‘wild garlic’ /l/  [ɺ] / ___ V (unless long)

  15. Foreign accents and borrowed words • Foreign accents • learner’s phonology the culprit • especially if language learned as adult • Borrowed words • codified foreign accent: borrowed words pronounced according to phonology of borrowing language

  16. The original shibboleth • Judges 12:5-6

  17. Spanish consonants p b t d k g ʧ f s x m n ɲ l w ɾj Notice: no /h/ /x/ = voiceless velar fricative

  18. Spanish rhotics [ɾ] [pɑɾɑ] ‘for’ [r] = /ɾɾ/ [pɑrɑ] ‘vine’ Word-initially, no contrast; [ɾ] usually  [r] there

  19. Spanish loans into English [ɣ] = voiced velar fricative

  20. Where you can go wrong • Misapplying English phonology to Spanish • Aspiration (not in Spanish): [thɑko] • Plural suffix –[z]: [phɑdɹez] • Mid back rounded vowel not a diphthong in Spanish: [bəɹiɾoʊ] • Failing to learn Spanish phonology • voiced fricative, not stop, after vowel: [pɑðɾes] • Failing to learn Spanish phonetics • [burito] as [bəɹiɾoʊ]

  21. No aspiration [peso] (monetary unit of Mexico) [beso] ‘kiss’ [tono] ‘tone’ [dono] ‘I donate’ [koðo] ‘elbow’ [goðo] ‘goth’ No mid vowel diphthongs [rejno] ‘kingdom’ vs. [reno] ‘reindeer’

  22. General Roca, Argentina [xeneɾalroka]

  23. Phonetics vs. phonology

  24. Question What do you think you will still remember about the phonetics/phonology part of this class 5 years from now?

More Related