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Genital Herpes - A Must-Know for FMGE Exam

Master key insights into risk factors, visual signs, clinical relevance, and treatment strategies for Genital herpes, everything you need to excel in the FMGE exam and clinical practice

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Genital Herpes - A Must-Know for FMGE Exam

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  1. #DIBS BY NEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE GENITAL HERPES NEXTILLO.COM

  2. #DIBSBYNEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE VISUAL REPRESENTATION NEXTILLO.COM

  3. #DIBSBYNEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE Causative Agent Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) HSV-1- Traditionally causes oral herpes but can cause genital herpes. HSV-2 -Most common cause of genital herpes through sexual transmission. DNA virus, belongs to the Herpesviridae family. Transmission Sexual contact - Vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Vertical transmission-During vaginal delivery (Neonatal herpes). Asymptomatic shedding -Transmission can occur without visible lesions. NEXTILLO.COM

  4. #DIBSBYNEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE Pathogenesis Virus enters through mucosal membranes or broken skin. Infects sensory nerve endings → Travels to dorsal root ganglia (usually sacral ganglia). Establishes latent infection with periodic reactivation. Clinical Features Primary Genital Herpes Painful vesicles on erythematous base → Ulceration. Bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Fever, malaise, myalgia. Recurrent Genital Herpes Milder symptoms, often unilateral. Preceded by prodrome (tingling, burning sensation). Neonatal Herpes Occurs due to vertical transmission. Can lead to meningoencephalitis, disseminated disease, or skin, eye, and mouth disease. NEXTILLO.COM

  5. #DIBSBYNEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE Diagnosis Clinical diagnosis-Based on painful vesicular lesions. Tzanck Smear - Multinucleated giant cells (Less commonly used now). PCR - Gold standard for HSV DNA detection. Viral Culture - Useful in symptomatic cases. Serology - HSV IgG for past infection, IgM for recent infection. Management Antiviral Therapy Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or Famciclovir Best initiated within 72 hours of symptom onset. Suppressive Therapy -In recurrent cases (>6 episodes/year). Pain Management - Analgesics, sitz baths. NEXTILLO.COM

  6. #DIBSBYNEXTILLO DAILY INFORMATION BULLETIN SERVICE Complications Herpes Meningitis (HSV-2) Herpes Encephalitis (HSV-1) Neonatal Herpes (High mortality if untreated) Psychological Distress Prevention Condom Use - Reduces but doesn’t eliminate risk. Antiviral Suppression - For individuals with frequent recurrences. Cesarean Section - Indicated in women with active lesions during labor. NEXTILLO.COM

  7. MCQ QUESTION A 30-year-old female presents with painful genital ulcers and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Chancroid b. Syphilis c. Genital Herpes d. Lymphogranuloma Venereum Answer c. NEXTILLO.COM

  8. EXPLANATION Painful vesicular ulcers on the genital region are characteristic of genital herpes. Bilateral tender inguinal lymphadenopathy is common in primary herpes infection. Chancroid also presents with painful ulcers, but lymphadenopathy is typically unilateral. Syphilis ulcers are painless. Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV) presents with painless ulcers and painful inguinal lymphadenopathy. NEXTILLO.COM

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