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Homework

Homework. How does Geographic Luck Apply Today?. TWO BIG IDEAS Geographic Luck The World is Flat. How can you connect these two ideas? They are opposites They can be integrated. Geographic Luck: India and China.

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Homework

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  1. Homework How does Geographic Luck Apply Today?

  2. TWO BIG IDEASGeographic LuckThe World is Flat How can you connect these two ideas? • They are opposites • They can be integrated

  3. Geographic Luck: India and China • India was able to borrow (what term?) some of the ideas/resources first developed in the Fertile Crescent, so what should you expect to find in India’s civilization? • China was more or less isolated from the rest of the world, but produced a highly developed civilization, how would “geographic luck” explain that development?

  4. India Geography • Northern MountainsHimalayasHindu Kush – most passable • Khyber Pass • Indo-Gangetic PlainIndus RiverGanges River • Deccan – central plateau • Western and Eastern Ghats • Coastal Plains – encouraged sea travel

  5. The climate • Monsoons – seasonal windsWinter – drySummer – wet record rain: 466 in/monthmost of the farming is dependent on monsoons, on time, right amount • Range of temperatures but hot in the Indo-Gangetic plain

  6. First Civilizations • Indus River Valley Sophisticated cities Mohenjo-Daro; Harappa (indoor plumbing!) Trade with Mesopotamia written language – not translated as yet • Crafts – pottery, dyed cloth, metal work

  7. Decline of the Indus Valley • 1750 B.C. Quality of building declined • Indus River changed course? • Over farmed/grazed the area? • Invasions?

  8. Aryan Invaders – 1750 B.C. • Nomadic herders v. farmers, artisans, merchants • Abandoned cities, some valley people fled to South, others became slaves • Social system favored warriors, priests, Aryans over Indus Valley people

  9. Moving on Up: Hinduism • reincarnation – transmigration of the soul; upon death soul moves to another life. • Karma – positive or negative force generated by a person’s actions which determines their next level • Dharma – “duty” – requirements for progress to next level • Yoga – mental and physical discipline to unite body and soul • Goal is to end transmigration by union with universal spirit, Brahma

  10. Birth of Buddhism • Siddhartha Gautama – rich prince becomes Buddha – the Enlightened One • Seeking answers to “meaning of life questions”Why suffering?

  11. Four Noble Truths • Human life = suffering and sorrow • Desires cause suffering/pain • Renouncing desire is way to Nirvana- perfect peace • Eightfold Path leads to denial of desire and Nirvana

  12. Eightfold Path • Right views – see life as it is • Right intentions • Right speech • Right action • Right living • Right effort • Right mindedness • Right concentration - meditation

  13. Comparison Hinduism and Buddhism both • Seek escape from woes of this world (reunite with Brahmin/Nirvana) • Believe in reincarnation • Respect all life

  14. Hinduism Used Sanskrit Ceremonies; rituals Many faces of Brahmin Supported caste system Buddhism Used local language Moral life Rejected Hindu gods Supported all humans; women, untouchables included Contrasts

  15. Indian Dynasties • Caste system - rigid groups (up to 3000) that were locked in place by birth • Art/Literature – stories, • Mathematics – abstract, negative numbers • Science – rotation of the earth

  16. Pop Quiz Label these termsHinduism (H) Buddhism (B) or Both (Both) • Reincarnation • Support for the caste system • Nirvana • Dominant in India today

  17. Pop Quiz part 2Daoism (D) Legalism(L) Both (both) • Which believed people were basically evil and had to be controlled? • Dualism/ Ying and Yang • These philosophies tend to make China look for the answers to problems in • New solutions from the future • Answers that have worked in the past

  18. China The Middle Kingdom Isolation breeds contempt

  19. Geographic Luck and China • China was more or less isolated from the rest of the world, but produced a highly developed civilization, how would “geographic luck” explain that development?

  20. Mandate of Heaven • Claimed by each dynasty when they took over. • China viewed itself as the “Middle Kingdom” between Heaven and Earth

  21. Ideas • Dualism – balance of two forces: yin and yang; night & day, black and white, etc. • Matters because it sets up China to accept contradictory ideas such as Communism and Capitalism

  22. Confucius • Family • Respect for Elders • Respect for the Past If you base your civilization on these values, what kind of civilization would you end up with?

  23. Other philosophies • Daoism – “the Way” – go with the flow of nature; to fight nature is to make it too hard on yourself • Legalism – People are evil, must be strongly controlled

  24. Education • Scholars trained in the Five Classics • Memorize, test, move up…repeat for next highest job • Provided a way for social mobility…sort of • Science advances (paper, calendar)

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