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Poisonous Pastures

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Poisonous Pastures

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    1. Poisonous Pastures By: John E. Woodmansee Extension Educator Agriculture/Natural Resources Purdue Extension Grant County Reviewed by Glenn Nice, Extension weed scientist Purdue University

    3. Introduction Your veterinarian will be the person to check with for symptoms/treatments/cures Some sources of information you find on this subject may contradict each other Well discuss most common plants as referenced in Purdue Extension publication WS-9, Indiana Plants Poisonous to Livestock and Pets supported by many references/research

    4. Source: Purdue Extension publication WS-9, Indiana Plants Poisonous to Livestock and Pets

    5. Introduction In Indiana, poisonous plants far outnumber poisonings Animals generally prefer other plants to poisonous plants may only eat poisonous plants when nothing else is available Poisonings most common in early spring, second most common in winter

    6. You suspect a poisoning Eliminate all other possibilities Positively identify suspected plant Match symptoms to those reported for plant

    7. Prevention is the key! No antidotes for many of the poisons in plants Know the poisonous plants in your pasture and control or keep animals away with fencing Supply good forage or feed Avoid overgrazing

    8. If an animal appears poisoned Avoid disturbing animal as much as possible Contact your veterinarian If practical or advised: move animal(s) to fresh pasture or give fresh feed/water

    9. Animals react differently Individual animals within a species may react differently Different types of animals react differently (e.g. cattle may be killed, but swine fine)

    10. Possible Symptoms Birth defects Bleeding Blood clots in stools Blue coloration Breathing difficulties Death (sudden) Diarrhea Drooling Dullness, depression Excitedness, unusual behavior Gangrene Heart or pulse problems Jaundice Nausea Prostration Rash, sunburn Staggering, incoordination Stomach upset, colic Throat irritations Trembles, convulsions

    11. WS-9: Plants that cause physical injury (skin, eye, mouth, stomach, or hair-ball problems mechanical injury to animals) Foxtail barley Common burdock

    12. WS-9: House/Garden plants that poison Aroids (Jack-in-the-pulpit, philodenron, etc.) Bulb-bearing plants (lily-of-the-valley, amaryllis, hyacinth, iris, daffodil, etc.) English ivy Lupine, wild and cultivated (bluebonnet, Quaker-bonnets) Catnip Christmas plant (poinsettia) Rhubarb Azalea, rhododendron Castorbean Common tansey

    13. WS-9: Forage and crop plants that poison Cultivated oats (nitrate poisoning) Ergot (a fungus parasite on heads of grasses) Tall fescue (varieties infected by Acremonium endophytic fungus a mold) Sweetclover, yellow and white Tobacco Alsike clover

    14. WS-9: Woodland plants that poison Jack-in-the-pulpit (Indian turnip) Larkspur, dwarf and cultivated Dutchmans breeches, squirrelcorn (staggerweed, bleeding heart) White snakeroot (white sanicle, richweed) Brackenfern (brake fern) Groundsel (butterweed, ragwort) Green falsehellebore (white hellebore, Indian poke)

    15. WS-9: Marsh and streambank plants that poison Milkweeds Spotted waterhemlock (waterhemlock, spotted cowbane) Poison-hemlock Field horsetail, scouringrush Buttercups Nettle, stinging and wood Common cocklebur

    16. WS-9: Plants of fields, roadsides, and open areas that poison Redroot pigweed Mustard family (wild mustard, pennycress, peppergrass, etc.) Hemp (marijuana) Jimsonweed (thornapple) Spurges (prostrate spurge, cypress spurge, etc.) Common St. Johnswort (klamath weed) Star-of-Bethlehem (snowdrop, nap-at-noon) Common Pokeweed (pokeberry, pokeroot, inkberry, poke) Bouncingbet (soapwort) Nightshades (eastern black nightshade, Carolina horsenettle, bull nettle, bitter nightshade, climbing bittersweet) Johnsongrass

    17. WS-9: Trees and shrubs that poison Ohio buckeye Black walnut Wild black cherry Red oak Black locust Yew, English and Japanese

    18. WS-9: Most common toxic plants in Indiana Alsike clover Bitter nightshade Black nightshade Common cocklebur Dutchmans breeches Dwarf larkspur Groundsel Johnsongrass Poison-hemlock Redroot pigweed Field horsenettle, Scouringrush Spotted waterhemlock Sweetclover White snakeroot Wild black cherry Yew

    19. Alsike Clover

    20. Bitter nightshade (also called bittersweet nightshade, climbing nightshade)

    21. Black nightshade

    22. Common cocklebur

    23. Dutchmans Breeches

    24. Dwarf larkspur

    25. Groundsel (Senecio spp.) (also called Cress-leaved groundsel, Butterweed, Ragwort)

    26. Johnsongrass

    27. Poison-hemlock

    28. Redroot pigweed

    29. Field Horsetail, Scouringrush

    30. Spotted waterhemlock

    31. Sweetclover

    32. White snakeroot

    33. Wild black cherry

    34. Yew (also called English or Japanese Yew, Taxus spp.)

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