US Expansion: The Northwest Ordinance Louisiana Purchase 1785-1803

1. US Expansion:The Northwest Ordinance Louisiana Purchase 1785-1803 Nancy K. Ware Instructor Gainesville High School Gainesville, Georgia

3. SSUSH6 The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth and the impact of this growth in the early decades of the new nation. • a. Explain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states. • b. Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clark. • c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national identity. • d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure. • e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

4. GPS 6 Essential Questions • How was the Northwest Ordinance important in the westward migration of Americans? • How was the Northwest Ordinance important on the issues of slavery, public education, and the addition of new states? • How did President Jefferson use diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France? • Who explored the new territory and what did they find? • What were the major reasons for the War of 1812? • How was the War of 1812 significant? How did it develop a national identity? • How and why was the Erie Canal built? • How did the Erie Canal lead to the rise of New York City economically? • How did the USA’s infrastructure (roads and canals) develop? • What was the Monroe Doctrine? Why did President Monroe issue this edict? Why is the Monroe Doctrine still important in 2013?

5. States & Territories of the USA

6. 6a Key Features of the Northwest Land Ordinance—1785 How was the Northwest Ordinance important on the issues of slavery, public education, and the addition of new states? • Established ____________ for expansion and _______________ for becoming new states (after they reached a population of __________) • Required a R____________Government • _____________WAS NOT ALLOWED! • Guaranteed Freedom of R_________ and Rights to ________ by Jury (anticipated by the Bill of Rights in 1789) • One section of every township was set aside for p_________ e_________

7. 6a Key Features of the Northwest Land Ordinance--1785 • Established territories for expansion and guidelines for becoming new states (after they reached a population of 60,000) • Required a Representative Government • SLAVERY WAS NOT ALLOWED! • Guarantee Freedom of Religion and Rights to Trial by Jury (anticipated the Bill of Rights in 1789) • One section of every township was set aside for public education

8. 6a Northwest Land Ordinance—1785How was the Northwest Ordinance important in the westward migration of Americans? Answer in your own words with 5 sentences or less.

9. 6a The Land Ordinance--1785

10. 6b How France Got Louisiana in the First Place • Louisiana was secretly dealt to France by Spain in the Treaty of Ildefonso in 1800 • Napoleon hoped to re-establish a French presence in the New World • The Haitian slave revolt eventually led to defeat of the French Army and their return to France – leaving Louisiana undefendable

11. 6b The Louisiana Purchase-1803How did President Jefferson use diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France? • Learning of the secret deal, and knowing Napoleon needed the ________ for ______, Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to purchase _________ from Napoleon. Livingston Monroe Napoleon

12. 6b The Louisiana Purchase-1803How did President Jefferson use diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France? • Learning of the secret deal, and knowing Napoleon needed the money for war, Jefferson sent Robert Livingston and James Monroe to purchase Louisiana from Napoleon. Livingston Monroe Napoleon

13. 6b The Louisiana Purchase $$$How did President Jefferson use diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France? • Not wanting to appear _______-like and abusive of his p_____________ powers, Pres. Jefferson wasn’t sure if he should secure L__________ from F________. The US Constitution said ___________ of the purchase of new lands. He eventually decided to ____________ Louisiana despite the Constitution saying zero about land transactions. • The total cost was $______million, and it d__________the size of the United States without _____! (the only time in US history) • President Thomas Jefferson sent ________ and __________to explore the new territory and find the source of the _____________ River (Hoping to find a Northwest Passage)

14. 6b The Louisiana Purchase $$$How did President Jefferson use diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France? • Not wanting to appear king-like and abusive of his presidential powers, Pres. Jefferson wasn’t sure if he should secure Louisiana from France. The US Constitution said nothing of the purchase of new lands. He eventually decided to purchase Louisiana despite the Constitution saying zero about land transactions. • Total Cost was $15 million, and it doubled the size of the United States without war! (the only time in history for the US) • President Thomas Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore the new territory and find the source of the Missouri River (Hoping to find a Northwest Passage)

15. 6b Napoleon Signing Away Louisiana

16. 6b Louisiana Doubled the Size of the US!

17. 6b Lewis & Clark Explore Louisiana

18. 6c War Again…Are you Kidding?What were the major reasons for the War of 1812? War of 1812

19. 6c War Again…Are you Kidding? British Interference with American Trade The US officially declared her neutrality but Britain was enforcing restriction against the US anyway Impressment The British were capturing American ships and forcing American citizens to serve in the British Navy against their will or die War of 1812 British Aid the Indians The British were aiding the Native American by giving them weapons to fight against the Americans who were expanding into their territories Americans moved ahead with the conquest of Canada Hoping to drive the British off the North American continent for good, the Americans attacked Canadian outposts while the British were fighting France

20. 6c The War of 1812 : The ResultsHow was the War of 1812 significant? How did it develop a national identity? • The Americans shocked the worldwhen she ____________ Great Britain to win _____________ in Revolutionary War. The United States is the only country to ever win her ___________from the British. • ______years later, the British push the United States into war yet again. • The War of 1812 was fought mainly on the seas and in the US, and there was no ________ by the Americans as there was during the Revolutionary War, of her r_________ and a__________ to win war. • Great Britain is defeated _________by the Americans, and a huge swell of national __________follows because the US has beat the British not once, but _________. • Great Britain never wages ________against the USA again, and Americans emerge from the War of 1812 with a new ____________: a truly powerful ____________.

21. 6c The War of 1812 : The ResultsHow was the War of 1812 significant? How did it develop a national identity? • The Americans shocked the worldwhen she defeated Great Britain to win independence in Revolutionary War. The United States is the only country to ever win her freedom from the British. • 30 years later, the British push the United States into war yet again. • The War of 1812 was fought mainly on the seas and in the US, and there was no doubt by the Americans as there was during the Revolutionary War, of her resolve and abilities to win war. • Great Britain is defeated AGAIN by the Americans, and a huge swell of national pride follows because the US has beat the British not once, but twice. • Great Britain never wages war against the USA again, and Americans emerge from the War of 1812 with a new identity: a truly powerful nation.

22. Star Spangled Banner: A New Identity • Francis Scott ________ was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet who wrote the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The ________-____________ Banner". • Key was watching the bombarding of the American forces at Fort _____________ during the Battle of _____________ on the night of September 13–14, 1814. • At dawn, Key was able to see an American ________still waving and reported this to the prisoners below deck. On the way back to Baltimore, he was inspired to write a poem describing his experience, "Defence of Fort McHenry“ which later came to be known as the Star Spangled Banner. • The song was adopted as the American ____________ _____________, first by an Executive Order from President Woodrow Wilson in 1916.

23. Star Spangled Banner: A New Identity • Francis Scott Key was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet who wrote the lyrics to the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". • Key was watching the bombarding of the American forces at Fort McHenry during the Battle of Baltimore on the night of September 13–14, 1814. • At dawn, Key was able to see an American flag still waving and reported this to the prisoners below deck. On the way back to Baltimore, he was inspired to write a poem describing his experience, "Defence of Fort McHenry“ which later came to be known as the Star Spangled Banner. • The song was adopted as the American national anthem, first by an Executive Order from President Woodrow Wilson in 1916.

24. Star Spangled Banner http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tSZx0Xu9j6I&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

25. 6d The Erie CanalWhy and how was the Erie Canal built? How did the Erie Canal lead to the rise of New York City economically?

26. 6d The Erie CanalWhy and how was the Erie Canal built? How did the Erie Canal lead to the rise of New York City economically? • The Erie Canal is a man made __________ in _______ ________ that runs about 363 miles from A________, New York, on the Hudson River to ___________, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a water route from the _____________ Ocean to the ________ Lakes. • The canal was under construction from _______ to _______. It officially openedon October 26, 1825. • It was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard (______ ______ City) and the western interior (G_______ L________) of the US that did not require portage, was faster than carts pulled by draft animals, and cut transport costs by about _______%. • The canal fostered a _______________ surge in western New York State, opened regions farther west to settlement, and helped _______ _________City become the chief U.S. port.

27. 6d The Erie CanalWhy and how was the Erie Canal built? How did the Erie Canal lead to the rise of New York City economically? • The Erie Canal is a man made waterwayin New York that runs about 363 miles from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie, completing a water route from the AtlanticOcean to the Great Lakes. • The canal was first proposed in 1807, and was under construction from 1817 to 1825. It officially openedon October 26, 1825. • It was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard (New York City) and the western interior (Great Lakes) of the United States that did not require portage, was faster than carts pulled by draft animals, and cut transport costs by about 95%. • The canal fostered a population surge in western New York State, opened regions farther west to settlement, and helped New York City become the chief U.S. port.

28. 6d Development of the National InfrastructureHow did the USA’s infrastructure (roads and canals) develop? • Many Americans began to move around the US, mainly to the _______, for the promise of a new and better ______. • Because there were no ________, mainly just trails, private companies emerged to build roads, called _________, in which travelers had to pay a toll _______to use. • Waterways and __________ were also built to transport __________ and __________.

29. 6d Development of the National InfrastructureHow did the USA’s infrastructure (roads and canals) develop? • Many Americans began to move around the US, mainly to the west, for the promise of a new and better life. • Because there were no roads, mainly just trails, private companies emerged to build roads, called turnpikes, in which travelers had to pay a toll fee to use. • Waterways and canals were also built to transport goods and products.

30. 6d Development of the National InfrastructureHow did the USA’s infrastructure (roads and canals) develop? • In some places it was not feasible to build _________, so canals were built instead to transport goods ____________. After the invention of the steamboat, people and goods could travel ____________ on __________.

31. 6d Development of the National InfrastructureHow did the USA’s infrastructure (roads and canals) develop? • In some places it was not feasible to build roads, so canals were built instead to transport goods downstream. After the invention of the steamboat, people and goods could travel upstream on rivers.

32. 6d Infrastructure Then and Now

33. 6e The Monroe DoctrineWhat was the Monroe Doctrine? Why did President Monroe issue this edict? Why is the Monroe Doctrine still important in 2013? • The Monroe Doctrine was a policy created by President ____________ _____________ in 1823 that addressed foreign nations and their interference into the western hemisphere. • It stated that efforts by _________________ nations to colonize and or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of _______________, to which the US would respond with ________________. • The Doctrine conceded that the United States would not _______________ with existing European ____________ or affairs, and in return the United States wanted a guarantee that Europe would stop ________________ in the western hemisphere. • The Monroe Doctrine became the __________________ of all US foreign policy and would be invoked by many U.S. presidents, after 1823, including T___________ R____________ ,J_________F. K___________, L____________B. J___________, and R___________ R______________. It is still a policy that is followed today. • The significance of the Monroe Doctrine was the strength behind the statement. The US is asserting her ___________!

34. 6e The Monroe DoctrineWhat was the Monroe Doctrine? Why did President Monroe issue this edict? Why is the Monroe Doctrine still important in 2013? • The Monroe Doctrine was a policy created by President James Monroe in 1823 that addressed foreign nations and their interference into the western hemisphere. • It stated that efforts by European nations to colonize and or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, to which the US would respond with aggression. • The Doctrine conceded that the United States would not interfere with existing European coloniesor affairs, and in return the United States wanted a guarantee that Europe would stop colonizing in the western hemisphere. • The Monroe Doctrine became the cornerstone of all US foreign policy and would be invoked by many U.S. presidents, after 1823, including Theodore Roosevelt ,John F. Kennedy ,Lyndon B. Johnson, and Ronald Reagan. It is still a policy that is followed today. • The significance of the Monroe Doctrine was the strength behind the statement. The US is asserting her power!

35. SSUSH7 Students will explain the process of economic growth, its regional and national impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the different responses to it. • a. Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets. • b. Describe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny. • c. Describe reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public school. • d. Explain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Conference. • e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of American nationalism.

36. GPS 7 Essential Questions • What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin? And his development of interchangeable parts for muskets? • What was Manifest Destiny? How did this impact the growth of the United States? • What were reform movements? Specifically what was the temperance, abolitionism, and public schoolmovement? • How did women obtain the right to vote? What was their suffrage like? Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Lucy Paul and the Seneca Falls Conference? • What was Jacksonian Democracy? How did suffrage expand at this time in history? How did popular political culture rise? How did American nationalism develop?

37. 7a The Industrial Revolution & the Cotton GinWhat was the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin? And his development of interchangeable parts for muskets? • _____ ___________ is an American inventor best known for inventing the _______ _______. The Cotton gin was one of the key inventions of the I___________ R_____________ and improved the economy of the _________. • Whitney's invention helped to make short fibered cotton into a ____________ crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of ___________ in the United States.

38. 7a The Industrial Revolution & the Cotton GinWhat was the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin? And his development of interchangeable parts for muskets? • Eli Whitney is an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. The Cotton gin was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the South. • Whitney's invention helped to make short fibered cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery in the United States.

39. 7a Interchangeable PartsHow did Eli Whitney’s development of interchangeable parts for muskets change the economy? • Interchangeable parts are pieces or parts that are ___________. They are made to specifications or standards that enable them to ____into any assembly of the same type of item. • One part can __________ another, without any custom manufacturing. This allows for easy ___________ of new devices, easier _________ of existing devices, and decreases the _________and _________ required to do the assembly or repair. • This process reduces the ________ to produce, therefore allowing the manufacturer to make more _______!

40. 7a Interchangeable PartsHow did Eli Whitney’s development of interchangeable parts for muskets change the economy? • Interchangeable parts are pieces or parts that are identical.They are made to specifications or standards that enable them to fitinto any assembly of the same type of item. • One part can replaceanother, without any custom manufacturing. This allows for easy assembly of new devices, easier repair of existing devices, and decreases the time and skill required to do the assembly or repair. • This process reduces the cost to produce, therefore allowing the manufacturer to make more profit!

41. 7a The Cotton Gin & Interchangeable Parts

42. 7b Westward Growth & Manifest Destiny

43. 7b Manifest DestinyWhat was Manifest Destiny? How did this impact the growth of the United States? • Manifest Destiny is the idea that the _______would naturally occupy the territory from the ____________Ocean on the east coast to the _______________Ocean on the west coast. Americans felt that _______had “given” them this land to __________and be _____________. This term was first used by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth." • The word manifest means “_______or ____________,” and destiny means “________.” According to Manifest Destiny, the fate of the US was to expand from “sea to shining sea.”

44. 7b Manifest DestinyWhat was Manifest Destiny? How did this impact the growth of the United States? • Manifest Destiny is the idea that the US would naturally occupy the territory from the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast to the Pacific Ocean on the west coast. Americans felt that God had “given” them this lad to settle and be prosperous. This term was first used by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth." • The word manifest mean “big or obvious,” and destiny means “fate. According to Manifest Destiny, the fate of the US was to expand from “sea to shining sea.”

45. 7b Westward Expansion & Manifest DestinyWhat was the motivation to move west? How did this impact the growth of the United States? John A. Sutter

46. 7b Westward Expansion & Manifest DestinyWhat was the motivation to move west? How did this impact the growth of the United States? 2. It was the United States destiny or fate to settle and own this land (fueled by strong economic motivators & racist beliefs) 1. Americans wanted to own their own land 3. The discovery of GOLD in California at Sutter’s Mill. John A. Sutter

47. 7b California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

48. 7c What is a Reform Movement?What were reform movements? Specifically what was the temperance, abolitionism, and public school movement? • Reform Movements of America started in the late 19th century, and were made up of many smaller movements within it, for example the ______________ movement, ____________ reform movements, and _____________ suffrage. • A reform movement’s goal is to change ________and social _________ that regard certain groups _____________ in the US population, such as poor or harsh working conditions, low wages, lack of voting rights for women, and slavery. • Reform movements have given people of lower classes and minorities a more _____________ place in society, and increased __________________ to pursue the American Dream of “_________, _____________ and the pursuit of ________________.” • Reform Movements are still happening in America, and examples include the legalization of ___________________, __________control, and the legalization of same ___________marriage.

49. 7c What is a Reform Movement?What were reform movements? Specifically what was the temperance, abolitionism, and public school movement? • Reform Movements of America started in the late 19th century, and were made up of many smaller movements within it, for example the temperance movement, labor reform movements, and women’s suffrage. • A reform movement’s goal is to change laws and social orders that regards certain groups unfairly in the US population, such as poor or harsh working conditions, low wages, lack of voting rights for women, and slavery. • Reform movements have given people of lower classes and minorities a more equal place in society, and increased opportunities to pursue the American Dream of “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” • Reform Movements are still happening in America, and examples include the legalization of marijuana, gun control, and the legalization of same sex marriage.

50. 7c The Temperance MovementWhat was the temperance movement? • The Temperance Movement, led by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union, moved to make the manufacture and sale of alcohol ___________ in the US. • It became successful with the passage of the _______ amendment to the __________________and took effect in 1920. It banned all s_______, m______________, and t________________ of alcohol. Drinking it was still __________. Go figure! • Prohibition caused the rate of alcohol consumption to drop, but the lack of ___________to enforce the prohibition laws led to large spike in _______________ crime. • Prohibition was called the ‘Nobel Experiment’ and was ______________in 1933 by the ratification of the ________ amendment to the Constitution.