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International Agriculture and Food Workshop University of Wisconsin Law School April 21, 2009. Dr. John M. Greenler. Cellulosic (Second Generation) Biofuels: Sustainability and Food Security. The Biofuels Ideal. Biomass : currently 10% of global energy flow. World Biomass Energy Flows.
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International Agriculture and Food Workshop University of Wisconsin Law SchoolApril 21, 2009 Dr. John M. Greenler
Cellulosic (Second Generation) Biofuels: Sustainability and Food Security
World Biomass Energy Flows United Nations IPCC 4th Assessment Report ( 2007)
C. Cleveland and R. Kaufmann, Fundamental principles of energy, 2008, Encyclopedia of Earth
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, “Figure 14-1: U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector, 1994–2004” (2005); http://www.bts.gov/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/2005/html/chapter_02/figure_14_01.html
Creating Cellulosic Biofuels • What is Cellulose? • Tough to Breakdown: • Cellulose is the most abundant biological material on Earth
Improved Biomass Conversion Long-Term Strategy for Improved Fuel/Ethanol Yields 1) Aerobic growth: optimize production of extracellularenzymes (lignocellulases) 2) Anaerobic growth: optimize production of enzymes, transporters, & pathways to funnel carbon to fuel production (ethanol, others)
Developing Improved Enzymes for Biomass Processing “Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol: A Joint Research Agenda”, DOE
High Input, Low Diversity (annuals) Low Input, High Diversity (perennials) Sustainable Bioenergy Practices Sustainability: Economic, Environmental and Social Goal: Predict Behavior of Bioenergy Production Systems Continuous Corn Corn-Soybean-Canola Monoculture switchgrass Switchgrass - Legumes Poplars Early successional Native prairie
Are There Win-Win Scenarios? Ecosystem services: Food, pharmaceuticals, energy, climate regulation, pollination, nutrient cycling, recreation…
GLBRC is one of three Bioenergy Research Centers funded by the Department of Energy to conduct transformational biofuels research DOE Bioenergy Research Centers (BRCs)