Thesis/Dissertation Guide

Thesis/Dissertation Guide Jay Wu, Ph.D. SUFE

A Sample of References • Charnes A, Cooper W W and Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Making Units. European Journal of Operational Research, 1978, 6(2):429--444 • 运筹学》教材编写组.运筹学.北京:清华大学出版社，1990 • 王众托.系统工程引论.北京:电子工业出版社，1991 • 魏权龄.评价相对有效的DEA方法.北京:中国人民大学出版社，1988 • Samuelson P A. Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.

美国心理学会引文范式规则 • Journal articles: • Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896. • Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

美国心理学会引文范式规则(续） • Journal articles, one to five authors: • Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896. • Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

美国心理学会引文范式规则(续） • Journal Articles, more than 6 authors : • Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. Journal of Film and Writing, 44(3), 213-245. • Magazine articles： • Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

美国心理学会引文范式规则(续） • Book • Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. • An article or chapter of a book • O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York: Springer.

美国心理学会引文范式规则(续） • A government publication • National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. • A brochure • Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS: Author.

美国心理学会引文范式规则(续） • An online journal article • Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8(4).Retrieved February 20, 2001, from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html • The Foundation for a Better World. (2000). Pollution and banana cream pie. In Great chefs cook with chlorofluorocarbons and carbon monoxide (Chap. 3). Retrieved July 13, 2001, from http://www.bamm.com/cream/bananas.htm

复旦大学硕士学位论文摘要 • 该文第一部分,作者对中外公共财政理论的发展作了概述.重点介绍了国外财政职能理论的三个发展阶段.和公共选择理论的部分观点.同时,也对中国财政职能理论的发展作了简述.此外,还介绍了国外地方财政理论的部分主要观点.第二部分,是该文的核心部分,作者首先对上海市所属区级政府财政体系的发展与理论研究的现状作了介绍.其次,从财政收入,财政支出和财政投融资三个方面对徐汇区的财政体系开展实证的比较分析.第三部分,作者对该区财政体系存在问题所作的制度分析,提出造成该区财政体系不完善的各项体制或机制问题.

哈工大博士学位论文文献综述部分 • 知识在当今社会的重要作用首先表现在知识成为资本，其原因如下: • 第一，知识之所以成为资本，是因为知识本身通过人的智能运做能够创造价值和剩余价值。知识运用于投资的循环周转之中使之价值增值，成为知识资本。正如追求价值增值的投资，在以货币为内容时称为货币资本，在以生产要素为内容时称为生产资本，在以商品为内容时称为商品资本那样，以知识及其创造力为内容的资本，称为知识资本。

哈工大博士学位论文文献综述部分（续） • 第二，知识资本的形成和自行增值有其投入和回报的过程。知识资本从个人角度来说，来自人力开发的智力。这种智力是经个人投入和投资，从而受到教育，发奋下苦功夫学习的结果。同时，这种智力开发的投资和个人投入具有较高的机会成本，人力受教育和刻苦学习，就必须放弃其他工作和失去相应的收入。这种机会成本也等于智力开发的投资。人力的智力开发使知识固化于人脑，通过靠智能运作的复杂劳动创造更多的价值。这种回报大大超过智力开发的投资，或者说这种回报抵偿了投资还大有剩余。

哈工大博士学位论文文献综述部分（续） • 因此，知识能够成为资本，知识资本能够在智能运做中自行增值。知识商品成为商品生产过程中价值形成和价值增值的手段后，就变成了知识资本。知识资本主要具有以下特征: • (1)、知识资本的无形性和依附性知识资本是一种特殊的知识，因而是无形的，它只能依附于一定的物而存在。知识的这种特性与价值的无形性和依附性是相似的。这里要特别说明的是，体现高科技的生产设备和经营设备、工具、自动化生产线、智能机器人等不属于与知识资本的范畴它们属于物资资本。

哈工大博士学位论文文献综述部分（续） • (27、知识资本的不可延伸性人或企业一旦拥有某种知识资本便不可逆转，不可剥夺，某种知识资本一旦被交换给别人，就不再被交换回来了，一旦被传播开去，就不可收回，甚至对其无成本地无限制地复制。 • (3)、知识资本的共享性和非排他it 某种物质资本只能供某人使用，但同一知识资本可以同时供许多人使用;如同一项专利技术可以同时供许多人使用，同一篇论文和专著可以被许多人同时引用或阅读，一个教授讲课也可以同时供许多人听讲。

沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文摘要 • 21世纪是信息化的知识经济时代，任何一个组织都感觉到了自身内外部环境中知识含量的巨增，同时，也对知识更新速度的加快产生了危机感。迫切的需要通过建立学习型组织进行组织型的学习。同时，也急需对自身内外部环境中的知识进行系统性的管理，以提高学习的效率。本文正是以这样的宏观环境为背景，对学习型组织的知识管理网络的构建进行了系统的研究，对构建的思路给予了程式化的分析。学习型组织是目前最为理想的组织模式，对它拥有的知识进行网络化的管理，必会提高组织的学习效率，从而增强组织的核心竞争力。 • 本文在对国内外关于学习型组织与知识管理的研究现状及其理论与实践分析的基础上，首先对学习型组织进行了具体的论述，通过对学习型组织的内涵以及构建模型的说明，使学习型组织有了一个清晰的轮廓。学习型组织的学习需要有组织的记忆系统，而这一系统正是科学的知识管理系统，而这一知识管理系统以网络的形式出现，无疑会极大的提高知识管理的效率。

沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文摘要（续） • 学习型组织与知识管理是当学习型组织与知识管理是当今理论界研究的热点，同时也是目前的学术前沿。但当今对学习型组织的知识管理网络的构建的研究尚有待深入。本文尽可能的摆脱对学习型组织的知识管理的定性的研究，通过与网络技术以及数学等学科的结合，对学习型组织的知识管理网络的构建尽可能的给予程序化、规范化和模式化的思路，从而使这一课题的研究具有较大的创新意义。

沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文摘要（续） • 通过本论文的研究，旨在对学习型组织的知识管理给出一个理想的方案，而这一方案又具有可操作性与实用性，并能够提高学习型组织的学习效率。同时，也希望本论文的研究能给我国的企业等各种组织向学习型组织转型并进行知识管理的进程带来有建设性的参考价值，以促使我国的各种组织早日成为学习型的组织，以适应知识经济时代的到来，并进行富有成效的知识管理，以早日形成自己的核心竞争力，缩小同世界上同行业的领先者的差距，并早日实现超越。 • 关键词:学习型组织，知识管理，网络

沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文摘要（改变） • 学习型组织需要网络记忆系统作为科学的知识管理系统。本文对学习型组织的知识管理网络的构建进行了系统的研究,对构建的思路给予了程式化的分析.在对国内外关于学习型组织与知识管理的研究现状及其理论与实践分析的基础上，通过对学习型组织的内涵以及构建模型的说明，使学习型组织有了一个清晰的轮廓。

沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文摘要（改变） • 在此基础上，本研究沿着程序化、规范化和模式化的思路来构建学习型组织的知识管理网络，对学习型组织的知识管理给出了一个实用的，可操作性的方案. 希望能够提高学习型组织的学习效率, 给我国的企业等各种组织向学习型组织转型并进行知识管理的进程带来有建设性的参考价值.

Major Stages • Stage 1 - Thinking About It • Stage 2 - Preparing the Proposal • Stage 3- Conducting the Research • Stage 4- Writing the Research Paper* • Stage 5- Sharing Outcomes with Others • Stage 6- Revising the Research Paper

What to do in the TAI stage? • Be inclusive with your thinking. • Don't eliminate ideas too quickly; • Build on your ideas, try and be creative. • Write down your ideas. • allow you to revisit an idea later on. • modify and change an idea. • What a great feeling to sit down and scan the many ideas of your own!

What to do in the TAI stage? • Not to be overly influenced by others’ expectation • Much better chances to get a topic of real interests to you – if you can call it your own! • Don't think too much of fame and money!! • You are just fulfilling an academic requirement; • The process of research is as important (or more important) than the outcomes; • Just a learning experience.

What to do in the TAI stage? • Never too early to draft a timeline! • Try a small preliminary study • to test out some of your ideas to help you gain further confidence in what you'd like to do. • can be as simple as conducting half a dozen informal interviews. • it will give you a chance to get closer to your research and to test out whether or not you really are interested in the topic.

Stage II: Preparing Proposal • A final check and ask yourself “Do these statements describe me?” • I’m familiar with other research related to mine. • I clearly understand the steps I will use in conducting my research. • I can get through each of the steps. • I have the drive to get through all steps.

Stage II: Preparing Proposal • Read through someone else's research proposal. • You can learn much from other people’s mistakes and experiences! • Include a thorough review of the literature in your proposal • Many thought it a waste of time for the proposal!

Stage II: Preparing Proposal • Two lines of analysis • Is this research really needed? • If yes, what is the best point of entry? • Big questions you have to answer! • Is the methodology I have chosen most appropriate?

A Good Proposal Should … • Consist of the first three chapters of the dissertation. • Begin with a statement of the problem or background information (Chapter One of the dissertation). • Then move on to a review of the literature (Chapter 2). • Conclude with a defining of the methodology (Chapter 3).

A Good Proposal Should … • Focus on your research very specifically. • Don't try to have your research cover too broad an area. • Include a title on your proposal • A good title is the first thing to help the reader begin to understand the nature of your work. • Be organized around a set of questions

A Good Proposal Should … • Ask good questions such as: • Do consumers in rural areas have shopping habits similar to urban consumers? • A poor question: • What are the shopping habits of rural consumers? (too narrow) • Another poor question: • What this country’s consumers prefer? (too general)

Your Doctorate Research Should … • Benefit those participating in the research. • Be read by faculty for your committee who are supportive of you! • Led by your major professor or adviser or chairperson who is your ally

Rules in Writing Dissertation • Begin writing the parts you are most comfortable with! • Then move about in your writing by completing various sections as you think of them. • Make sure to introduce tables or graphs in your text, and to discuss them.

Rules in Writing Dissertation • Use similar words to describe each of a series of similar tables. • NO need to get creative and entertaining here! • Use Table of Contents (TOC) to help you improve your manuscript, and to help readers get your ideas quickly!

Rules in Writing Dissertation • If you are including a Conclusions/Implications section in your dissertation make sure you really present conclusions and implications. • Often the writer uses this section to merely restate the findings. • This is a key section of the dissertation and is sometimes best done after you've had a few days to step away from your research and allow yourself to put your research into perspective.

Suggestions to Dissertation Defense • Try to attend one or more defenses prior to yours. • Find opportunities to discuss your research with your friends and colleagues. • Don't be defensive at your defense • Say something like "Thank you so much for your idea. I will be giving it a lot of consideration."

Suggestions to Dissertation Defense • Prepare a 20-25 minute presentation that reviews the entire study. • Use 10-12 large pieces of paper, wall charts, that have been posted sequentially around the walls of the room. • Transparencies are gone after a few seconds. The wall charts stay up for everyone to see and to help focus attention.

Thesis/Dissertation Guide