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Gifted Evolution: From Neanderthals to Early Civilizations

Explore the fascinating journey of human evolution from Neanderthals to early civilizations like Mesopotamia, with advancements in language, tools, art, and governance. Uncover the mysteries of Jarmo, Jericho, and Catal Huyuk, and the rise of civilization in Mesopotamia. Discover the Assyrian capital at Nineveh and the legacy of King Hammurabi's law codes. Language proficiency grew with cuneiform writing, while religion played a central role in society. Gain insights into the purpose of existence and the anxieties of the Mesopotamian people. King Sargon and King Gudea left lasting marks in history through their innovations and leadership. Delve into the achievements of the ancient Sumerians, from law codes to advanced tools, reflecting their intelligence and legacy.

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Gifted Evolution: From Neanderthals to Early Civilizations

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  1. Everyone is gifted….but some people never open the package.

  2. Neanderthal Man: 250,000-30,000 years • Cooperated through language • Advanced stone tools • Used fire for cooking and protection • Wore clothing • Buried dead • Lived in caves [cave art ? 2012]

  3. CroMagnon / modern Man: 35,000- present time • Sewing needles, buttons • Snug boots; hooded parkas, pants w/ leggings • Fish hooks & harpoons • Bows and arrows • Flint tools and weapons • Lamps / animal fat

  4. Why are the discoveries of Jarmo, Jericho and Catal Huyuk of interest to historians?

  5. Ancient Jericho

  6. What makes “a way of life” a civilization? • Writing system • Organized economy • Specialization of labor • Social classes • Legal code • Advanced art • Central government • Several cities with monumental architecture • ***Religion– the central force in primary civilizations

  7. Marshland and swamps…

  8. Mesopotamia: the rise of civilization

  9. The Assyrian capital at Nineveh

  10. AshurbanipalKing of Assyria (669-631 BCE)

  11. Cuneiform tablet – symbol writing on clay tablets with a reed stylus

  12. Sir Henry Rawlinson

  13. The Behistun Rock

  14. Cuneiform tablets

  15. How did Mesopotamia get its name

  16. How was Mesopotamia transformed around 3000 BC?

  17. Each city was the property of a specific deity. • Temple priests interpreted the will of the gods and acted as stewards of a city's deity. • The ruler of the city – a priest-king often was visited and instructed by the community's god.

  18. Religion was the central force: • Explained the workings of nature • Eased the fear of death • Justified rules and morality • United people in a common view • Bolstered the authority of rulers • Promoted creativity in art, literature and science

  19. How did Mesopotamians define the purpose of man’s existence?

  20. Why did a mood of uncertainty and anxiety pervade the Mesopotamian psyche? • Frequent floods and droughts • Windstorms • Invasions • The gods were unpredictable

  21. The Standard of Ur

  22. King Gudea of Lagash C. 2150 bc • The inscription describes a temple dedicated to the goddess Geshtin-anna

  23. How did King Sargon earn a place in our history books?

  24. Third Dynasty of Ur…Ur-Nammu, 2113-2096 BC

  25. The wheelbarrow Sailboats Bronze tools and weapons The plow Frying pans Razors Cosmetic sets Shepherd’s pipes harps The ancient Sumerians were very smart people: • Cuneiform • Law codes • Literature • Schools • Numbering system • Kiln-dried bricks & pottery • Lunar calendar • Potter’s wheel • The wheel

  26. Why were King Hammurabi’s law codes obeyed?

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