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ROOTS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

ROOTS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. Essential Question :. Where and how did our founding fathers get their ideas for our government?. Vocabulary:. Direct Democracy Republic Natural Rights Separation of Powers. Founding Fathers. Ideas for our government came from: Ancient Greece and Rome

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ROOTS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

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  1. ROOTS OF AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

  2. Essential Question: • Where and how did our founding fathers get their ideas for our government?

  3. Vocabulary: • Direct Democracy • Republic • Natural Rights • Separation of Powers

  4. Founding Fathers • Ideas for our government came from: • Ancient Greece and Rome • English Documents • Enlightenment Philosophers

  5. With a partner, • What do you remember about the government of ancient Greece and Rome?

  6. Greek & Roman Influence

  7. Ancient Greece • Athenians created the world’s first direct democracy • A form of government in which the laws are made directly by the citizens • Town meetings held to vote

  8. Ancient Rome • Colonial Legislatures- from Ancient Rome • 509 B.C. Roman Republic • Government in which representatives are elected to make laws

  9. Ancient Greece and Rome • Democracy in Athens and Republic in Rome did not last; monarchs took control • Abused Power • Government by the people would disappear for hundreds of years

  10. In your notes: • What ideas did our founding fathers get from ancient Greece and Rome? • How is a direct democracy different from a republic?

  11. English Influences

  12. The Magna Carta (1215) • The “Great Charter” • Monarch abused his power • English nobles gained power

  13. The Magna Carta (1215) • Nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta • Listed rights of people that Monarch could not take away

  14. The Magna Carta granted: • Trial by jury • Due process of law • Protection of life, liberty, and property

  15. Importance of the Magna Carta: • Originally intended only for nobles, but would be extended to all over time • Established the principle that the power of the monarch was NOT absolute

  16. In your notes: • What is the Magna Carta? • List three rights it gave people. • Why is it important to our government?

  17. Petition of Right (1628) The king could not: • Imprison political critics • Declare martial law • Require people to shelter troops • Tax without consent of parliament

  18. The English Bill of Rights (1689) • Parliament wanted to prevent royal abuse of power • Listed rights of all Citizens (not just nobles)

  19. The English Bill of Rights (1689) It forbid: • Taxation without consent of Parliament • A standing army without consent of Parliament • Royal suspension of laws

  20. The English Bill of Rights (1689) It guaranteed: • Right to petition • Free speech in Parliament • Right to a fair and speedy trial • Freedom from excessive bail • No cruel and unusual punishment

  21. In your notes: • Write two sentences to summarize the English Bill of Rights.

  22. Influence of Reason

  23. The Enlightenment • European writers during 1600 and1700s stated people have the power of reason • People can recognize their natural rights- rights we are born with and can’t be taken away

  24. John Locke (1632-1704) • Representative government • Government exists for the people, not people for the government

  25. John Locke (1632-1704) • Purpose of government is to protect natural rights • Rights of life, liberty, and property • Any govt. who abuses its power should NOT be obeyed

  26. Baron de Montesquieu • Separation of Powers – dividing government power between at least two groups to avoid abuse

  27. Baron de Montesquieu Our model: • Legislative = makes the laws • Executive = enforces the laws • Judicial = interprets the laws • No branch could gain too much power

  28. Jean Jacques Rousseau • Geneva, 1712-1778 • 1762 - The Social Contract • Popular Sovereignty, the “General Will” • Exchange Personal freedom for Civil freedom • In obeying the law each citizen is thus subject to his or her own will, and consequently, according to Rousseau, remains free. . “Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains”

  29. Review: • Explain Locke’s view of government. • Explain Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers.

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