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Metamorphosis and Locomotion the Frog, Rana Catesbeiana

Metamorphosis and Locomotion the Frog, Rana Catesbeiana. V. X. XV. XVIII. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. Secondary Motoneurons. Primary Motoneurons.

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Metamorphosis and Locomotion the Frog, Rana Catesbeiana

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  1. Metamorphosis and Locomotion the Frog, Rana Catesbeiana

  2. V X XV XVIII XX XXI XXII XXIII

  3. Secondary Motoneurons Primary Motoneurons Forehand, C.J. & Farel, P.B. (1982) Spinal cord development in anuran larvae: I. Primary and secondary motoneurons. J. Comp. Neurol., 209, 386-394. Retrograde staining of motoneurons in the 9th ventral root using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reveals two populations of motoneurons. Primary motoneurons are born very early in embryonic development (during gastrulation) and innervate the swimming musculature of the tadpole. Secondary motoneurons are born later, beginning in larval stages and continuing through metamorphosis.

  4. Axons of primary motoneurons exit in medial fascicles (M) of the ventral roots. Axons of secondary motoneurons exit in lateral fascicles (L) of the ventral roots.

  5. Stehouwer, D.J. & Farel, P.B. (1985) Development of locomotor mechanisms in the frog. J. Neurophysiol., 53, 1453-1466.

  6. Stehouwer, D.J. & Farel, P.B. (1985) Development of locomotor mechanisms in the frog. J. Neurophysiol., 53, 1453-1466.

  7. Stehouwer, D.J. & Farel, P.B. (1985) Development of locomotor mechanisms in the frog. J. Neurophysiol., 53, 1453-1466.

  8. Stehouwer, D.J. & Farel, P.B. (1985) Development of locomotor mechanisms in the frog. J. Neurophysiol., 53, 1453-1466.

  9. Stehouwer, D.J. & Farel, P.B. (1985) Development of locomotor mechanisms in the frog. J. Neurophysiol., 53, 1453-1466.

  10. Stehouwer, D.J. & Farel, P.B. (1985) Development of locomotor mechanisms in the frog. J. Neurophysiol., 53, 1453-1466.

  11. V X XV XVIII XX XXI XXII XXIII

  12. 1 2 3 4 Stehouwer, D.J. (1987) Metamorphosis of behavior in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Dev. Psychobiol., 21, 383-395.

  13. Stehouwer, D.J. (1987) Metamorphosis of behavior in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Dev. Psychobiol., 21, 383-395.

  14. V X XV XVIII XX XXI XXII XXIII

  15. Stehouwer & Farel, (1984) Development of hindlimb locomotor behavior in the frog. Dev. Psychobiol., 17, 217-232.

  16. Stage XVIII Stage XV Stehouwer, D.J. (1992) Development of anuran locomotion: Ethological and neurophysiological considerations. J. Neurobiol., 23, 1467-1485.

  17. Maturation of Pedal Locomotion in Rana Catesbeiana 1. Intrinsic mechanisms 2. Contextual stimuli 3. Morphological change

  18. Maturation of Pedal Locomotion in Rana Catesbeiana 1. Intrinsic mechanisms Illustrated in isolated CNS preparations • patterned input to motoneurons precedes • muscle differentation • alternation between left and right sides • is first activity observed • synchronous activity appears relatively late

  19. Maturation of Pedal Locomotion in Rana Catesbeiana 1. Intrinsic mechanisms 2. Contextual stimuli • Change in habitat preference from deep water • to land • Increased stimulation of the limbs and • decreased effectiveness of tail

  20. Maturation of Pedal Locomotion in Rana Catesbeiana 1. Intrinsic mechanisms 2. Contextual stimuli 3. Morphological change • Limbs become more effective and the tail • becomes less effective due to changes in sizes

  21. Maturation of Pedal Locomotion in Rana Catesbeiana 1. Intrinsic mechanisms 2. Contextual stimuli 3. Morphological change

  22. Stehouwer, D.J. (1987) Compensatory eye movements during fictive swimming of a deafferented, reduced preparation in vitro. Brain Res., 410, 264-268.

  23. Stehouwer, D.J. (1987) Compensatory eye movements during fictive swimming of a deafferented, reduced preparation in vitro. Brain Res., 410, 264-268.

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