Smart Grid Standardization Activities

1. Smart Grid Standardization Activities David Su National Institute of Standards and Technology Global Standards Collaboration (GSC) GSC-15

2. U.S. Smart Grid Focused Areas • Wide-area situational awareness: Monitoring and display of power-system components and performance across interconnections and wide geographic areas in near real-time • Demand response: Mechanisms and incentives for business and residential customers to cut energy use during times of peak demand. • Electric storage: Means of storing electric power, directly or indirectly • Electric transportation: Refers, primarily, to enabling large-scale of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) • Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI): Primary means for utilities to interact with meters at customer sites. • Distribution Grid Management: Maximizing performance of feeders, transformers, and other components of networked distribution systems and integrating with transmission systems and customer operations. • Cyber Network Security

3. PHASE 2 Establish Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP) public-private forum with governance for ongoing efforts PHASE 1 Identify an initial set of existing consensus standards and develop a roadmap to fill gaps PHASE 3 Conformity Framework (includes Testing and Certification) NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability • NIST role Summer 2009 workshops NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0 Draft Released Sept 2009 Smart Grid Interoperability Panel established Nov 2009 NIST Interoperability Framework 1.0 Released Jan 2010 2010 2009 now

4. Smart Grid Interoperability Panel Structure Products (IKB) NIST Oversight Smart Grid Identified Standards SGIPGB SGIP Stakeholder Category Members (22) One Organization,One Vote (About 600 org’s; almost 1600 persons participating including international organizations) Priority Action Plans SGIPStanding Committee Members (2) Use Cases Requirements At large Members (3) Standards Descriptions Standing Committees Architecture, Test & Certification, Cyber Security Working Groups Ex Officio (non-voting) Members Conceptual Model - Open, transparent body - Representation from all smart grid stakeholder groups - Open to any materially interested stakeholder organizations - Not dominated by any one group

5. Smart Grid • Morgan Stanley Research estimates the opportunity in the Smart Grid market will grow from $20B in 2008, to $40B by 2013, and $100B by 2030

6. Highlight of TIA Activities (1) • TIA is a voting member of the Smart Grid Interoperability Panel • TIA provided NIST with list of wireless standards relevant to network for smart grid. • TIA participates in the activities of the SGIP Priority Action Group on wireless protocols (PAP02) to develop guidelines for use of wireless protocols for smart grid applications. • TR-45.5 provided characteristics for wireless protocols to SGIP PAP02 regarding evaluation of wireless technologies for cdma2000 and HRPD technologies • “It is shown that the cdma2000 1x and HRPD systems can easily handle the Wireless Wide Area Network traffic created by the use cases under the heaviest load” • TR45.3 input IMT-2000 TDMA-SC parameters to the NIST Smart Grid work by means of its TDMA-SC partner ATIS WTSC. 

7. Highlight of TIA Activities (2) • TIA is developing an access agnostic set of M2M protocols in Committee TR-50 which can be used for smart grid devices. • TIA is developing a standard in TR-41 for immunity to voltage surges that smart grid equipment may encounter as a result of lightning strikes.

8. Highlight of TIA Activities (3) • TR-34 Satellite Communications in the Smart Grid • GMR-1 3G (TIA, ETSI, ITU) • Mobile Satellite Services standard • Defined for L-band and S-band • 3GPP satellite Access stratum • North American Coverage plus international • Family SL (ETSI) • Mobile Satellite Services standard • Defined for L-band and S-band • 3GPP satellite Access stratum • Global Coverage

9. Highlight of TIA Activities (4) • TR-34 Satellite Communications in the Smart Grid • IPoS/DVB-S2 (TIA, ETSI, ITU, DVB) • Fixed Satellite Services standard • Extended for mobile applications • North American Coverage plus international • RSM-A (TIA, ETSI, ITU) • Fixed Satellite Services standard • Extended for mobile applications • CONUS coverage

10. Environmental/Energy Activities • Dept of Energy (DoE) / Smart Grid • TIA filing with DoE on how to use smart grid stimulus funds—the members seemed most interested in asking for a technology neutral approach (don’t favor/fund one particular architecture or technology over another) and also urged that consumers’ should have access to data related to energy usage inside their homes • TIA will be submitting additional information to DoE and DoE is interested in participating in roundtables, lunches, and other potential events where TIA members can continue to dialogue and exert influence over decision making in the agency.

11. Environmental/Energy Activities • California PUC Smart Grid Order • TIA submitted comments to the CA PUC(Public Utilities Commission) encouraging a federal approach to identification of standards best practices rather than a California-specific approach, and also advocated for flexibility in smart grid deployment plans to allow for adoption of newer technologies by utilities

12. Challenges • How can the SDOs coordinate their work on Smart Grid standards to avoid duplication of efforts and harmonize incompatible specifications

13. Next Steps/Actions • Continued focus on development of standards to support the Smart Grid

14. Proposed New Resolution • TIA supports ISACC proposal for new resolution for Smart Grid • TIA has submitted contribution with recommended modifications to the ISACC draft resolution.

15. Summary of Presentations (1) • Many countries have initiated Smart Grid activities, including China, EU, Japan, Korea and the U.S. Each may have different scopes and approaches due to differences in regional requirements. • Smart Grids are an opportunity for the ICT industry. Partnership and cooperation between power and ICT companies are vital to the success of the smart grid story. • Key areas of work: communications and networking, data management, privacy, and cyber security. • NIST works under EISA mandate to identified standards gaps and ensure interoperability. The SGIP is working with stakeholders to develop/harmonize standards. Many SDOs are SGIP members ITU, IEC, ATIS, TIA, IETF, IEEE. • ETSI work on EU M/411 Smart Metering mandate to build standards for European smart meters, allowing interoperability and Consumer actual consumption awareness.

16. Summary of Presentations (2) • ATIS and TIA worked with SGIP Priority Action Plan on Wireless to characterize wireless protocols and develop guidelines for use these protocol in smart grid applications. • Korea SG standards organizations: Standardization Committee for SG, SG Standards Forum, SG ICT Convergence Forum, WG 2142. • ITU-T formed a Focus Group on Smart Grid, “ …to collect and document information and concepts that would be helpful for developing Recommendations to support smart grid from a telecommunication/ICT perspective.” • Challenges: better partnership between power and ICT industry; multiplicity of standards, duplication of work, etc. • Needs stronger cooperation and collaboration among national, regional and international activities that relate to standardization in the field of "Smart Grids and ICT” • Proposal recommending new resolution for Smart Grid

17. Supplementary Slides

18. TR-41 Smart Grid Standard • Standard on immunity to voltage surges that smart grid equipment may encounter as a result of lightning strikes • SG equipment may be connected to both the ac power grid and a metallic communications network (Ethernet, telephone line, etc.) • The communications network is likely to have a ground connection located somewhere other than where the neutral wire for 120/240 V power entering the premises is grounded. • A lightning surge in the nearby vicinity of the equipment can produce a momentary increase in the voltage on one of the ground connections (i.e., a “ground potential rise”) that does not occur on the other. • This momentary ground potential rise can result in a large voltage surge occurring between the power and communication ports of the equipment, a surge which the equipment must be able to withstand if it is to continue functioning as intended.

19. Satellite CommunicationsApplications and Advantages • Dispatch, maintenance and emergency • Repair crews from different regions can have common and reliable communications even to support recovery from devastating natural disasters such as Katrina. • Advanced metering infrastructure • Communications from remote locations not reliably or economically served by other means of communications • Backhaul of Aggregated smart meter traffic • Monitoring remote sites • Generation, transmission line load and power factor substations, distribution automation • Backup, redundancy, reliability, availability • Ubiquity – uniform coverage across North America • Independent link availability and reliability for redundancy • Internet access

20. Satellite CommunicationsExample: Aggregation for wireless local area networks

21. NIST-identified Standards for Implementation • A list of 31 standards and specifications for which NIST believes widest stakeholder consensus exists http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/_SmartGridInterimRoadmap/SGR1Standards They are identified using the following criteria: • Standard was supported by a standards development organization (SDO) or via an emergent SDO process. • Standard is also supported by a users’ community. • Standard is directly relevant to the Use Cases analyzed for the Smart Grid . • Consideration was given to those standards with a viable installed base and vendor community. • 50 additional standards (set) for further review, subject to necessary modifications or review by application requirements

22. Smart Grid Stakeholders 22

23. Smart Grid Will Use International Standards • ISO/IEC/ITU • IETF • IEEE/SAE/ISA • Global consortia