a triangulation mulit-sites case study of abandoned young people in residential care and care leavers in saudi arabia

1. 11 July 2007 A TRIANGULATION MULIT-SITES CASE STUDY OF ABANDONED YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL CARE AND CARE LEAVERS IN SAUDI ARABIA About the study: Abandoned young people vs. orphan ��who they are? How they are placed? Pick him/her up�contact police, hospital � Adoption or residential care� Thus, in this presentation I am talking about residential institutes that provide care for these population �� I will indicate to alternative families�.. Methodologies�. YO What are needed? What works?About the study: Abandoned young people vs. orphan ��who they are? How they are placed? Pick him/her up�contact police, hospital � Adoption or residential care� Thus, in this presentation I am talking about residential institutes that provide care for these population �� I will indicate to alternative families�.. Methodologies�. YO What are needed? What works?

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3. 11 July 2007 Research Methods Objectives and Questions to explore � The needs of abandoned young people How they are impacted by being born of unknown parents and placed at residential care How the provided programmes, services and policies are perceived in meeting their needs. What are needed to be done? General needs, while in care and after leaving care� Not only emotional and social needs that might not be met But also, ETT, financial, marital needs, health needs,�. The impact born with them and get complicated as they grow up. From your feedback �General needs, while in care and after leaving care� Not only emotional and social needs that might not be met But also, ETT, financial, marital needs, health needs,�. The impact born with them and get complicated as they grow up. From your feedback �

4. 11 July 2007 Field Work Plan July 2006 � Dec 2006 Informal interviews with relevant key persons Aug 2005 Triangulation Mixed Methods Design: QUAL & quan (Data Collection & Data Analysis) 2005: Familiarise myself with research topic, sample Informal visit, interviews, previous studies. � To answer research questions ,,,,,MM Main methods complementary methods�. Need feedback for analyzing 2005: Familiarise myself with research topic, sample Informal visit, interviews, previous studies. � To answer research questions ,,,,,MM Main methods complementary methods�. Need feedback for analyzing

5. Poster I have other examples of designs presented by Professor John Creswell Personal case files, institute documents, MOSA (statistics, magazine, studies, � Websites, local newspapers and magazine�Poster I have other examples of designs presented by Professor John Creswell Personal case files, institute documents, MOSA (statistics, magazine, studies, � Websites, local newspapers and magazine�

6. 11 July 2007 Sampling Purposive, Snowballing, Whole (non-random sample) Concurrent / Multilevel Mixed Methods Sampling Both typical and atypical cases (Stake, 2006) Twelve social institutes, ten in-care programmes, and two after-care programmes Piloting Purposive: Sites, qualitative Survey �.whole no random (small number)� Concurrent vs. sequences sampling�. Atypical: successful and failure cases (yp in care, care leavers, websites, studies, articles ..) Divorced, disabled, behaviours, stable, unstable , �Purposive: Sites, qualitative Survey �.whole no random (small number)� Concurrent vs. sequences sampling�. Atypical: successful and failure cases (yp in care, care leavers, websites, studies, articles ..) Divorced, disabled, behaviours, stable, unstable , �

7. 11 July 2007 Need to be taken into account as the heart of social care work when dealing with one of these three elements. (Evans & Kearney (1996) Here just the focus will be on RI & S.USERS Need to be taken into account as the heart of social care work when dealing with one of these three elements. (Evans & Kearney (1996) Here just the focus will be on RI & S.USERS

8. 11 July 2007 HOW WELFARE IS PROVIDED? Include all residents from 14 residential settings. Voluntary or non-governmental institutes a semi-independent organisations under the supervision of MOSA�. MOSA provides 1200 S.R./162 for each resident Alternative Family Is the trend in SA Conditions (Saudi family, marriage or single woman, skin consistency, �. The Family Friend Programme (weekend, holidays.. No Private for profit sector provide care for these population (FOR ALL EXCEPT PHYSICAL DISABLED) Include all residents from 14 residential settings. Voluntary or non-governmental institutes a semi-independent organisations under the supervision of MOSA�. MOSA provides 1200 S.R./162 for each resident Alternative Family Is the trend in SA Conditions (Saudi family, marriage or single woman, skin consistency, �. The Family Friend Programme (weekend, holidays.. No Private for profit sector provide care for these population (FOR ALL EXCEPT PHYSICAL DISABLED)

9. 11 July 2007 Common in Saudi Arabia The First Gov. Established in 1934 M 30 Yrs - 1963 F 1965 Voluntary Residential Institutes Compared to other Gulf states Compared to other Gulf states

10. 11 July 2007 35 Residential Institutes SA Care is Provided in a Traditional Way (Total Institution) Residents� Needs Are Met Under the Same Roof & Accordance with the Same Plan (Sinclair, 1988) For all from (birth � leave care) Just for abandoned children and young people However, a tendency towards small homes ( familial home) Size, Number e.g. Daar Aldyafah Alternative mother, alternative aunt, older sister�.SOS (COMMON WALL, COMMON PLAYGROUNDS, COMMON VAN, DRIVERS, STAFF�.For all from (birth � leave care) Just for abandoned children and young people However, a tendency towards small homes ( familial home) Size, Number e.g. Daar Aldyafah Alternative mother, alternative aunt, older sister�.SOS (COMMON WALL, COMMON PLAYGROUNDS, COMMON VAN, DRIVERS, STAFF�.

11. 11 July 2007 GOV. HELPS IN FINANCIAL, EDUCATION, MEDICAL., MARITAL�.. Safety: separation .. No protection (stealing, violence, rape� Their problems with Social/Emotional (family tie) Paid staff vs. normal carer, sudden moves, no asking Belonging 65.4 vs. 21 (M) 51 VS. 41 (F) Felt part of the society Who am I? This is why the majority of respondents M = 79% F= 32% believed that marriage can meet a lot of their needs. �, but .. Fear of marriage failure, divorce high, GOV. HELPS IN FINANCIAL, EDUCATION, MEDICAL., MARITAL�.. Safety: separation .. No protection (stealing, violence, rape� Their problems with Social/Emotional (family tie) Paid staff vs. normal carer, sudden moves, no asking Belonging 65.4 vs. 21 (M) 51 VS. 41 (F) Felt part of the society Who am I? This is why the majority of respondents M = 79% F= 32% believed that marriage can meet a lot of their needs. �, but .. Fear of marriage failure, divorce high,

12. 11 July 2007 Why Certain Needs Are Not Met? Placed based on Age/Gender rather personal/ social needs Contradict w/ normal way of life Family roles e.g. paternity, maternity, fraternity, family members �family language e.g. mom, dad, grand mom haven�t been used� Director of male institute Very low staff compared to residents ratio, institutes� size Rare to sense homeliness & privacy 0-6/10 10-15/16 15-leave care Now they try to minimise transferring e.g. youth section Female stay at the same institute in different sections �. They call each other brothers/sisters no mom dad uncle � Avoid telling others where they live M = 60% F= 35% Staff: especially qualified therapist, �. Number (see attached paper) No privacy �.friend to visit them�bedrooms�.. Common living rooms, common toilets, common dining room, playgrounds��0-6/10 10-15/16 15-leave care Now they try to minimise transferring e.g. youth section Female stay at the same institute in different sections �. They call each other brothers/sisters no mom dad uncle � Avoid telling others where they live M = 60% F= 35% Staff: especially qualified therapist, �. Number (see attached paper) No privacy �.friend to visit them�bedrooms�.. Common living rooms, common toilets, common dining room, playgrounds��

13. 11 July 2007 The Characteristics of YP As a result of being born of unknown parents, they� De-attached when they were infants Have experienced repeated breaking Attachments with primary caregivers due to Multi Movements First from birth mother, nursemaid, carer, adopted family, friends,,,, (security) First from birth mother, nursemaid, carer, adopted family, friends,,,, (security)

14. 11 July 2007 Attachment �Don�t remind me. It was the hardest experience in my life� Why? �Because we moved from our little heaven and world to another world which was full of pains and sadness. Imagine someone tries to grab a child from his mother�s lap. This is what was our situations. After six years of beautiful life, all the sudden, we were deprived from living with people we loved to be with them and places we loved to stay in. The worst thing when the workers we loved and trusted were involved in such transition� (a 26 years old Care Leaver) Source: Document. Institute�s magazine I know this person �.for a years�. I remember when I was at correction and at the time of family visitation�he became quite and tried to do anything to keep himself busy� Now married father of two girls �own house �but still not happy with what happened in the past�.and service delivery I know this person �.for a years�. I remember when I was at correction and at the time of family visitation�he became quite and tried to do anything to keep himself busy� Now married father of two girls �own house �but still not happy with what happened in the past�.and service delivery

15. 11 July 2007 Multiple Movements 51% had not had stable life due to movements M = 59% , F = 44.4% (no sig.) �I stayed for 11 years - from birth- at the Nursery social institute in Riyadh, then 2 years at another institute in a village for males. After that I spent one year at social correction agency for deviant juveniles in Riyadh. One year in another city, then 2 years in Riyadh and 4 years in Jeddah. Then I got married for a year but divorced and remarried but not feeling happy. I I�m still feeling that I�m hanging around myself � (24 male care leavers) No significant Six places, fours cities �. This person works two jobs morning/evening� He wants counsellor �. I asked him why don�t ask staff? No trust, negative experience� Such movements are followed by changing schools, friends, classmates, workers��and cities. No significant Six places, fours cities �. This person works two jobs morning/evening� He wants counsellor �. I asked him why don�t ask staff? No trust, negative experience� Such movements are followed by changing schools, friends, classmates, workers��and cities.

16. 11 July 2007 Why Does She Abandon her �? This is general reasons of abandonment not from the study But people in general tend to believe in illegitimacy This is general reasons of abandonment not from the study But people in general tend to believe in illegitimacy

17. 11 July 2007 They are told that their parents passed away when they were child and no body� Few cases knew their parents when they old�one did not One knows that he was born out of wedlock It was a sensitive questions for many and one institute asked me to delete it. 15% MISSING Many selected other and wrote Non of the above I don�t care I don�t want to meet them I will revenge They are told that their parents passed away when they were child and no body� Few cases knew their parents when they old�one did not One knows that he was born out of wedlock It was a sensitive questions for many and one institute asked me to delete it. 15% MISSING Many selected other and wrote Non of the above I don�t care I don�t want to meet them I will revenge

18. 11 July 2007 The impact of being born� 63% wanted to know birth parents Live w/o Identity (family oriented society) Wondering why their names seem to be alike �We feel our names were chosen by lot � several young people Found in Hospital Access to personal file Ask you where are you from / what is your trip �. My initial assumption will be different between respondents in Riyadh / Jeddah 53% in Riyadh vs. 56% In Jeddah Most/all of the time felt embarrassed when other asked them about their birth family/parents. I accessed to some files. Just four pages �..Ask you where are you from / what is your trip �. My initial assumption will be different between respondents in Riyadh / Jeddah 53% in Riyadh vs. 56% In Jeddah Most/all of the time felt embarrassed when other asked them about their birth family/parents. I accessed to some files. Just four pages �..

19. 11 July 2007 The impact of being born (2) Different name from Society (family oriented) Name not matching Alternative Family Start asking 12+�, No persuasive response Confused and uncertain / self-development /esteem More Half embarrassed/feel stigmatised when asked about birth parents/family Most Saudi Families end with AL Or known families However, they are not�.their names do seem to be like different from Saudi names This is why they confused and illegitimacy comes first and live in a conflict Most Saudi Families end with AL Or known families However, they are not�.their names do seem to be like different from Saudi names This is why they confused and illegitimacy comes first and live in a conflict

20. 11 July 2007 Spend long time at RI 78% F vs. 40.4% M = 8 years in Public All respondents of Voluntary = 10 years The question was how long have you been in this institutes, or the last institute (care leavers) Some put all the years�.. Voluntary institutes they remain in the same institute�F, two institutes. The question was how long have you been in this institutes, or the last institute (care leavers) Some put all the years�.. Voluntary institutes they remain in the same institute�F, two institutes.

21. 11 July 2007 Females are more likely to stay longer�.as they remain in the same institute or move to one more institute � For males they move to two more institutes in the same city compared to public settings� Females are more likely to stay longer�.as they remain in the same institute or move to one more institute � For males they move to two more institutes in the same city compared to public settings�

22. 11 July 2007 REASON FOR STAYING LONG TIME? Many consider RI their homes and like to be in�. Everything is provided for them�. �Luxury life� This is why many afraid from leaving �.Preparation (look at paper) �Never there is not any type of programme to prepare them to get married� ( a 3 years Psychologist in female setting) Lack of choice is another issue 46.2 Male vs. 58.3 Female did not have a choice to decide when to leave their residential institutes. Many consider RI their homes and like to be in�. Everything is provided for them�. �Luxury life� This is why many afraid from leaving �.Preparation (look at paper) �Never there is not any type of programme to prepare them to get married� ( a 3 years Psychologist in female setting) Lack of choice is another issue 46.2 Male vs. 58.3 Female did not have a choice to decide when to leave their residential institutes.

23. 11 July 2007 There is other way to see the world instead of p value Because no preparation programme they considered other reasons�. It is very rare to be adopted when they grow up but it is Age is not considered They can work and stay� 50 study abroad� There is other way to see the world instead of p value Because no preparation programme they considered other reasons�. It is very rare to be adopted when they grow up but it is Age is not considered They can work and stay� 50 study abroad�

24. 11 July 2007 The Number of Returned Care Leavers The majority when asked about the number of returned young people who had left residential care, they said it was not high Not all settings accept care leavers� There are some places for them� They try to group them in small apartments�The majority when asked about the number of returned young people who had left residential care, they said it was not high Not all settings accept care leavers� There are some places for them� They try to group them in small apartments�

25. 11 July 2007 WHY COME BACK? There is other way to see the world instead of p value for female (conflict with spouse) In voluntary institutes only fours cases left care recently and 15 cases studying abroad Leaving Alternative family is an issue among some females�.(the carer died, opposite sex, deviant behaviour� Qualitative here investigate whey the left AF?There is other way to see the world instead of p value for female (conflict with spouse) In voluntary institutes only fours cases left care recently and 15 cases studying abroad Leaving Alternative family is an issue among some females�.(the carer died, opposite sex, deviant behaviour� Qualitative here investigate whey the left AF?

26. 11 July 2007 WHY COME BACK? (2) Preparation here is an issue � Preparation here is an issue �

27. 11 July 2007 Conclusion: So what are needed? Is alternative family/adoption the answer? If not�, Is there is a need for small homes vs. Large institute? Or do we need to increase the number of RI? Do we need to review the application of religious policy to adoption (e.g. name matching) ? What do we need to expand/improve the Alternative Family Programmes (e.g. nursing, more privileges? Many people believe it is the answer 41.1% male and 28.3% female wanted But others don�t 46% male and 43.3% female did not want�. Aldyafah one example�.they are happy� Religious: the only two issues (abortion, not being a legal child , name matching, Rewards �450 a month for a child�. Other organisation �.�41 for a nurseing mother� Many people believe it is the answer 41.1% male and 28.3% female wanted But others don�t 46% male and 43.3% female did not want�. Aldyafah one example�.they are happy� Religious: the only two issues (abortion, not being a legal child , name matching, Rewards �450 a month for a child�. Other organisation �.�41 for a nurseing mother�

28. 11 July 2007 What do they need while they in care? How can we create social support system for them? What are needed to ensure that only qualified and humane staff (mind/heart) are involved in provided care? Are they prepared to leave care and live independently but successfully? pathway plan In care: Education, Money, Training, Job, Activities, stability, wanted, gain skills (hard and soft)�.. Social Support: marriage, Family friend, voluntary work, nursing� Staff: supervision, training, inspection scheme, involve them, job description� Preparation: Pathway Plan education, job, training, personal advisor, accommodation� In care: Education, Money, Training, Job, Activities, stability, wanted, gain skills (hard and soft)�.. Social Support: marriage, Family friend, voluntary work, nursing� Staff: supervision, training, inspection scheme, involve them, job description� Preparation: Pathway Plan education, job, training, personal advisor, accommodation�

29. 11 July 2007 What are needed ? (3) What do they need after leaving care? Is policy transfer feasible? e.g. National Leaving Care Scheme/Act Consistence with society�s values or challenge the belief system of society members� Follow up, 24 personal advisor (friend), Consistence with society�s values or challenge the belief system of society members� Follow up, 24 personal advisor (friend),

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31. 11 July 2007 References for Research Topic Evans, D. And Kearney, J. (1996). Working in Social Care: A Systemic Approach. Vermont: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Alansary, A. (2004). Pscyological and Behvioural Problems of Children of Unknown Parents: Integrating them Through Alternative Families. Kuwait: Council of Alassaf, S. (1989). Dealing with Children of Unknown Identity: Descriptive and Evaluative Study. Riyadh: Arabic Centre for Training and Security Studies. Alawadhy, F. A. (Undated). The Regulations of Children of Unknown Parents in Islamic Jurisprudence. Department of Edification and Counseling in Theological Studies. Al nafisah, A. H. (1990). Contemporary Jurisprudence Research Journal: A journal Specialised in Islamic Jurisprudence. 7, 2: 33-44. Alnaser, F. (2004). The Attitudes of Society and Residential Institutes towards Children of Unknown Parents: Social Perspective. Kuwait: Council of Ministers of Labour and Social Affairs of Gulf Areas. Alsadhan, A. N. (2003). Children without Families. Riyadh: Alobaikan. Alzaharny, M. (2001). Informing Children of Unknown Parents About their Social Situation. Riyadh: King Fahed National Library. Biehal et al. (1995). Moving on: Young People and Leaving Care Schemes. London: HMSO. Beldwin, D. A. (1998). Growing Up In & Out Care: An ethnographic Approach to Young People�s Transition to Adulthood. Doctoral Thesis at University of York. Mitwally, M.M. (Undated). Islamic Care for Illegitimates. The Annual Statistic Book. (2003/2004). Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Riyadh. Daar Alhilal. The Annual Statistic Book. (2005/2006). Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. Riyadh. Daar Alhilal. Sinclair, I. (1988). Residential Care: The Research Reviewed. London: Her Majesty�s Stationery Office.

32. 11 July 2007 Ahmed A. Albar aa513@york.ac.uk A TRIANGULATION MULIT-SITES CASE STUDY OF ABANDONED YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL CARE AND CARE LEAVERS IN SAUDI ARABIA