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Access by Affected Country Parties to Technology, Knowledge and Know-How Case Study of Israel

Access by Affected Country Parties to Technology, Knowledge and Know-How Case Study of Israel. Presented to the Committee for the Review of the Implementation of the Convention (CRIC1) Rome, Italy, 13 November 2002 Prepared by Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Sede Boqer Campus

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Access by Affected Country Parties to Technology, Knowledge and Know-How Case Study of Israel

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  1. Access by Affected Country Parties to Technology, Knowledge and Know-How Case Study of Israel Presented to the Committee for the Review of the Implementation of the Convention (CRIC1) Rome, Italy, 13 November 2002 Prepared by Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Sede Boqer Campus Ben-Gurion University of the Negev for the  Department of International Organizations The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State of Israel 1 November 2002

  2. 700 Dry subhumid 500 300 Semi arid 100 Arid Hyper arid 50 Israel’s practices for combating desertification 40 km 1. Study the natural potential of your country’s ecosystems N Mediterranean scrublands 32o Israel has different types of dryland ecosystems  Their sensitivity to desertification increases with their aridity Asian steppes Sahara-Arabian deserts 2. Gain experience in combating desertification by developing less sensitive dryland first 30o 22,145 km2

  3. 3. Major experience gained from exploring agriculture dependent on low quality and unpredictably variable quantities of local water resources – sustainability of dryland agricultural development requires transported water of high quality and stable quantities 30% of Israel water pumped from a lake managed as operational reservoir from –220 m b.s.l. to 150 m a.s.l. and transported along 300 km; these large quantities of high quality water enable: Rangeland Cropland Year-round irrigation Year-round cover Leaching No soil erosion No salinization

  4. 4. Coupling water transportation with water conservation - increase water use efficiency • Reduces: • evaporation losses • fertilizer use • herbicide use • risks of salt damage • health risks of wastewater Irrigation practices Surface 45% Sprinklers 75% Drip 95% M3/hectare/year Productivity Increase x 20

  5. 5. Rather than fight the desert curses, uncover and exploit the desert’s blessings, for making dryland products competitive • Curse to blessing: • Solar radiation – • much light • warm winters • Fossil water, brackish • Used for: • Cash crops • Fruits & vegetables • Ornamental • Spices • Aquaculture • Fish • Algae • Shrimps • Benefits: • Low water use • Low pesticide use • Low land use • CO2fertilization Contributors to productivity: Agrotechnology, Mechanization, Research, Extension …………….. 96% Land and Water ………………… 4% Protected Dryland Agriculture - Greenhouses

  6. 200 150 mm 6. Dryland-adapted afforestation of rangelands (“Savannization”) is a multi-purpose tool for combating desertification Runoff harvesting – additional 35% of annual rainfall

  7. Afforestation (not reforestation) of a semi-arid dryland

  8. 7. “Savannization” promotes pastoralism and tourism Water-harvesting landscaping Planted trees Soil conservation Flood control Firewood production Increased soil moisture Recreation & ecotourism Promoted biodiversity Higher forage quality Fire management by controlled grazing

  9. 8. Synergies between afforestation and agriculture • Protected agriculture • Afforestation • combined • Save water • Generate new water • Afforestation • Irrigated agriculture • In the semi-arid region reduced surface reflectance 10-25% increase in diurnal rains

  10. 9. Re-use of wastewater and combating desertification • In Dry subhumid • Population Growth • Increased standard of life Increase water demand for domestic use Urban sprawl Less land Less water Dry subhumid agriculture More wastewater 110Mm3 360Mm3 Mediterranean Pollution (Barcelona Convention) Semiarid agriculture Orchards Treatment 250Mm3 Salinization risk ? Sludge

  11. 10. Use of sludge – experimental application to semi-arid wheat fields • Increase in yield – 34-38% • Increase in soil concentration of nutrients • Increase in soil concentration of heavy metals 11.Cooperate with neighboring countries on common standards for re-use of treated wastewater and application of sludge, to promote future export and import of dryland agricultural products October 2002 meeting of Israel, PA, Jordan, Egypt and Tunisia in Grenada, Spain, on these standards (under the project “Regional Initiative for Dryland Management”)

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