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Naturalistic Observation Project

Naturalistic Observation Project. Due Weds March 5 th 40 Points. Nat. Obs. Hypothesis. Girls tend to participate in class more than boys Freshman seem to be neater in the café than upperclassmen Football fans enjoy more violent plays than non violent

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Naturalistic Observation Project

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  1. Naturalistic Observation Project Due Weds March 5th 40 Points

  2. Nat. Obs. Hypothesis • Girls tend to participate in class more than boys • Freshman seem to be neater in the café than upperclassmen • Football fans enjoy more violent plays than non violent • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KOxxQYBNJ3A

  3. Research Methods

  4. Basic vs. Applied

  5. Basic Research • Basic- Pure research. Research for research’s sake. • “What types of environments are emotionally comforting to people?” • “How does caffeine effect the nervous system?” • Stays in the lab

  6. Applied Research • Taking basic research and using it in the real world to solve every day problems. • “How can hospitals be designed to make patients more comfortable?” • “What kinds of caffeine guidelines can we give teens?” *Used by: Advertising, Marketing, Architecture

  7. All research MUST BE: • Valid- Test what its supposed to test? • Reliable- Repeatable, can be done again • Unbiased- In every way! (limit confounding variables!)

  8. Types of Studies • Cross- sectional- Studyingthe same issue across many different groups. • Cultures, races, religions, regions • Longitudinal- Studying the same group of subjects over a period of time. • See changes over time

  9. Famous Case Studies

  10. Phineas Gage • Work accident • Tamping rod through brain. • Case Study on traumatic brain injuries. • Localization of brain function • Personality CHANGED!

  11. Genie • Language acquisition and Cognition • Experiments • Nurturing environment

  12. Kitty Genovese • Raped in a city in the middle of the day. • Over 30 people heard her cries. • No one called 911 • “Bystander Effect”

  13. Benefits and Drawbacks of Research • Experiment • Case Study • Survey • Naturalistic Observation

  14. Experiment Advantages Drawbacks • Can be replicated over and over. • Looks at “Cause and Effect”, what happens if I do this? • It allows for precise control. • Most experiments are not conducted in “real life” situations and are artificial. • It is also NOT possible to control ALL variables. 

  15. Case Study • Allow for a lot of detail to be seen. • Usually done on “rare cases” such as Phineas Gage, (not a lot of people like him). Advantages Drawbacks • Hard for the data gained to be applied to the entire population. • Many case studies are not “scientific” therefore can lack credible data. • Cause v Effect is difficult to draw from Case Studies.

  16. Survey • Can get large amounts of data, large population of people sampled. • Generally low cost. • Easy to gather information. Advantages Drawbacks • Inflexible, if something is wrong you cannot change it half way through. • Not good for controversial issues, “Is gay marriage a denial of American Rights?”

  17. Naturalistic Observation • Do not need to worry about manipulating or creating bias. • Situation has not been initiated or created by the experimenter. Advantages Drawbacks • Generally have little control over a situation, “natural setting”. • Can be difficult to establish what “caused” the behavior, (no control).

  18. SURVEYS

  19. Examples of Poorly Made Surveys

  20. Issues?

  21. Issues?

  22. Issues?

  23. Better Survey

  24. 5 Steps to Quality Surveys • 1. Clearly define the purpose of your online survey • What is the goal of this survey? • Why are you creating this survey? • 2. Keep the questions simple • Be specific and direct • 3. Use closed ended questions whenever possible • Yes or No answers • 4. Pre–test your survey • Find the Bias or errors • 5. Consider your audience when sending survey invitations • When, where, why?

  25. Create Your Own Survey • Directions: In groups of 2 or 3 people, please create your own survey on a topic related to GHS. • Please have 5-8 quality questions. • It is your choice how you want to design responses, (multiple choice, true false, scale etc.) • When you are done, find another group of students and have them complete your survey!

  26. 5 Steps to Quality Surveys • 1. Clearly define the purpose of your online survey • What is the goal of this survey? • Why are you creating this survey? • 2. Keep the questions simple • Be specific and direct • 3. Use closed ended questions whenever possible • Yes or No answers • 4. Pre–test your survey • Find the Bias or errors • 5. Consider your audience when sending survey invitations • When, where, why?

  27. And the results are…

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