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Formation of the Solar System

Formation of the Solar System. The Nebular Hypothesis. In 1796, LaPlace advanced this hypothesis States that the sun and the planets condensed at about the same time out of a rotation cloud of dust and gas (NEBULA) The rotating cloud that formed our solar system is called the SOLAR NEBULA

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Formation of the Solar System

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  1. Formation of the Solar System

  2. The Nebular Hypothesis • In 1796, LaPlace advanced this hypothesis • States that the sun and the planets condensed at about the same time out of a rotation cloud of dust and gas (NEBULA) • The rotating cloud that formed our solar system is called the SOLAR NEBULA • The sun consists of 99% of all matter that was contained in the solar nebula.

  3. The Orion Nebula 1500 LY from Earth

  4. Formation of Planets • While the sun was forming in the center of the solar nebula, planets were forming in the outer regions. • PLANETESIMALS- Small bodies from which planets originated in early formation • PROTOPLANETS- Formed from collisions between planetesimals and through the force of gravity.

  5. Formation of Solid Earth

  6. Earth was HOT !!!!! • 3 SOURCES OF ENERGY CONTRIBUTED • Energy from planetesimal collisions • Energy produced by weight of outer layer on inner layers • Radioactive materials very abundant when Earth formed and emit high-energy particles

  7. DIFFERENTIATION • Denser materials ( like molten iron) sank to the center of the Earth and less dense materials forced to the outer layers. • Earth formed three distinct layers.

  8. EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE • Atmosphere formed because of differentiation • Less dense gases, H and He rose to the surface • Earth’s gravity was too weak to hold onto gases • Earth’s magnetic field not fully developed

  9. Outgassing frequent volcanic eruptions releasing H2O vapor, CO2, N, Methane (CH4), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia(NH3) This formed our new atmosphere

  10. Radiation from sun cause ammonia and water vapor to break down • H- escaped to space • O- formed ozone O3 that shielded Earth from UV radiation from sun

  11. Earth’s present atmosphere • Organisms developed such as cyanobacteria and early green plants (using CO2, releasing O2) • Amount of O2 increased (2 billion yrs ago this increased rapidly) • Composition of atmosphere 2 billion years ago similar to present day

  12. EARTH’S OCEANS • Theory: icy bodies like comets collided with Earth and the water from them became part of our atmosphere • Earth cooled vapor formed water and collected • First ocean likely fresh water • Over millions of years runoff from rainwater dissolved chemicals from rocks and carried them to oceans • Water cycle through evaporation increased salinity in the oceans over time.

  13. Ocean’s effects on atmosphere • Affect temperature by dissolving CO2 and affected early climate helping to heat the atmosphere • The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has increased and decreased over time causing warmer and cooler climates

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