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Latin America Revolution & Reaction

Latin America Revolution & Reaction. Into the 21 st Century. Essential Questions. How did the Cold War and superpower alignment impact Latin America? Who were the right wing reactionaries? Who were the left wing revolutionaries ?. Third World PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. O.A.S.

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Latin America Revolution & Reaction

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  1. Latin AmericaRevolution & Reaction Into the 21st Century

  2. Essential Questions • How did the Cold War and superpower alignment impact Latin America? • Who were the right wing reactionaries? • Who were the left wing revolutionaries?

  3. Third World PRI Zapatistas N.A.F.T.A. O.A.S. United Fruit Company “Cry of the Excluded” Liberation theology Machismo Juan Jose Arevalo Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro Ernesto “Che” Guevara Domitilia Barrios de Chungara RigobertMenchu Salvador Allende Pinochet Concepts & Terms & People

  4. Sandinista Party Banana republics Human Rights Good Neighbor Policy Alliance for Progress Coup de tat Junta Populism “Spiritual Socialism” Augusto Sandino Juan Peron Eva Peron Manuel Noriega Hugo Chavez Concepts & Terms & People

  5. Military Junta Rule

  6. Single Party Rule

  7. Democracy

  8. Latin America in the Middle • ECONOMIC STATUS • Neither 1st World nor 3rd World • Seeking 2nd World status? • Continuing economic dependency • COLD WAR • Populism support for right wing • Marxist movements • Support for left wing

  9. Mexico [1940s-1990s] • POLITICAL/ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS: • Party of the Institutionalized Revolution • PRI • Zapatistas • N.A.F.T.A. • National Action Party [2000] • Vincente Fox

  10. Failure of Democracy • RADICAL OPTIONS: • Argentina • Juan Peron • Brazil • Vargas • JUNTAS WERE REPRESSIVE • U.S. tended to support right wing reactionaries • Except in Argentina where the party was anti-American

  11. Guatemala [Model for land reform] • Juan Jose Arevalo • Promoted the “spiritual socialism” • Land reform and social justice agenda • UNITED FRUIT COMPANY • Example Dollar Diplomacy • Opposed and U.S. intervened • Marines to the rescue again! • Whose rescue?

  12. Pablo Neruda

  13. Cuba • Fulgencio Batista • Fidel Castro • Che Guevara

  14. Revolution & Church • Liberation Theology • 1970s • Used the Church & Marxist ideologies • Promote social equity for the poor.

  15. Gender Equity • Domitilia Barrios de Chungara • Bolivia • Describes a woman’s role in contribution to function and survival of the family. • Is she a feminist? • Latin American women have to deal with the long tradition of Machismo.

  16. Gender Equity • Rigberta Menchu` • Guatemala • Ladino activist • Recognizes exploitation • AND a divisive force that separates ladinos from the Indians • To what end?

  17. Salvador Allende • Marxist leader [democratically elected] • Chilean [influenced by Castro’s success] • Promoted a more equitable distribution of wealth • Overthrown by military junta supported by CIA • Successor Pinochet 1974-1990 • Arrested in 1998 for “crimes against humanity” • Killed 80K incarcerated 200k

  18. Pinochet Allende

  19. Nicaragua Sandinista Party Trend toward electoral democracy Opposed by the U.S. & Contra rebels “Arms for Hostages” Iran/Contra Affair Panama Manuel Noriega Arrested by G.H. Bush ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Leftists elected with little change Lula de Silva Brazil Hugo Chavez Venezuela Others

  20. Human Rights Violations • Common from the 1960s • Repressive governments used incarceration, torture, and murder. • Opposition were targeted • ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • Different regions interpret the definition differently • I.E. 1st World & 3rd World

  21. Sandinista vs. Contra 1981-1990

  22. U.S. Interventions • Opposition to rightwing repressive govts. • Considered by the U.S. as Marxist • Regarded by the poor as heroes • U.S. supported right wing conservative dictators and not those democratically elected • U.S. seeking stability to protect economic interests Dollar Diplomacy.

  23. U.S. Involvement [1900-1940] • BANANA REPUBLICS • Plantation economies for export to U.S. • Where do you think you get your bananas? • [UNITED FRUIT COMPANY] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ • W.W.1 and Zimmerman Note alerts U.S. to importance of good relations: • F.D.R.’s> Good Neighbor Policy

  24. U.S. Involvement [1960-1980] • J.F.K.> Alliance for Progress • Attempted to bolster L.A. economies • Jimmy Carter>bolster govts. that supported civil rights • Treaty returned Panama Canal to Panama

  25. U.S. Relations [1980-1990] • Reagan & G.H. Bush [conservatives] • RETURN TO INTERVENTIONIST POLICIES • Anti-communist policies • Reagan • Invaded Grenada • Bush • Invaded Panama – arrested Noriega

  26. Changes • Exploitation of Indians • Slow to change • Women suffrage – 1929 to 1950s • Women’s rights upheld in Cuba • 1990s women’s rights mirror 1st World West • Population growth by 1985 – 400 M • Slow economic growth fuels migration to U.S. • 750 K annually into U.S.

  27. Cultural & Economic Challenges • High population numbers • High urbanization • Little social welfare • Shift in wealth based on location • Rise in art and literature • Division of wealth is still the single greatest problem facing Latin America

  28. Caracas Rio

  29. Medellin O.A.S.

  30. Enduring Questions • Explain Latin American economic and political circumstances in modern times as continuities. • In what ways has U.S. intervention influenced their circumstances?

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