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RISK AND REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Calculate and interpret the basic measures of risk for individual assets and portfolios of assets. Identify the problems with, and limitations of, traditional sources of real estate risk and return data.
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RISK AND REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Calculate and interpret the basic measures of risk for individual assets and portfolios of assets. • Identify the problems with, and limitations of, traditional sources of real estate risk and return data. • Incorporate information regarding project riskiness into the investment decision-making process. • Describe sensitivity analysis.
RISK • The Concept of Variability • The expected rate of return = E(R). E(R) = Sum of (oix pi ), where oi is the value of the ith observation and pi is it’s probability.
RISK PREFERENCES • Risk-Averse Behavior • Risk-Neutral Behavior • Risk-Loving Behavior
RISK MANAGEMENT • Three primary tools may be employed by investors to minimize their expose to risk: • avoid risky projects • use insurance and hedging • diversification
PORTFOLIO RISK • Diversifiable Risk: (unsystematic risk) can be eliminated by holding assets that are less than perfectly correlated. • Nondiversifiable Risk: (systematic, or market risk) is the risk remaining in a fully-diversified portfolio.
OPTIMAL PORTFOLIO DECISIONS • Investors base their investment decisions on its contribution to the portfolio’s risk and return. • Efficient investments increase the portfolio’s expected return without adding risk. • Efficient investments decrease the portfolio’s risk for a given expected return.
ACCOUNTING FOR RISK • The investor’s required rate of return is (E(Rj)). E(Rj) = Rf + RPj where Rf is the risk free rate and RPj is a premium for bearing risk.
ACCOUNTING FOR RISK • Asset Pricing Model to Estimate Risk • Sensitivity Analysis