Examples of SDI Best Practices in Other Parts of the World and Implications for Belize

1. 29.07.09 Examples of SDI Best Practices in Other Parts of the World and Implications for Belize Emil Cherrington Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America and the Caribbean

2. Overview • SDI “demo” • “Successful” SDI? • SDI best practices in the Americas • Examples of SDI best practices in the Americas • The coming Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) • Implications for Belize • Questions & answers Est. time = 15 min.

3. Water Center for the Humid Tropics of Latin America & the Caribbean (CATHALAC) CATHALAC is a regional center of excellence dedicated to the promotion of sustainable human development through integrated management of water & environmental resources.

4. e.g. AVHRR, GOES, MODIS 1km pixels

5. 500m pixels e.g. MODIS

6. 250m pixels e.g. MODIS

7. 30m pixels e.g. Landsat TM

8. 20m pixels e.g. IRS

9. e.g. ASTER, Landsat ETM (sharpened) 15m pixels

10. 10m pixels e.g. SPOT4

11. e.g. Ikonos, Quickbird ~1m pixels

12. 500m 250m 1km 15m ~1m 30m

13. e.g. AVHRR, GOES, MODIS 1km pixels

14. 500m pixels e.g. MODIS

15. 250m pixels e.g. MODIS

16. 30m pixels e.g. Landsat

17. 20m pixels e.g. IRS

18. e.g. ASTER, Landsat ETM (sharpened) 15m pixels

19. 10m pixels e.g. SPOT

20. 1m pixels e.g. Ikonos / Quickbird

21. 1km 250m 30m 15m 10m 1m

23. “Successful” Implementation of SDI? • Formalized ‘spatial data infrastructure’ vs. ‘federated geographic information systems’ • Three key elements: • People (e.g. quantity / quality) • Data • Tools (hardware / software) • Are tools like GIS, over time, helping to improve decision-making? • What would a successful SDI implementation look like? Do all participating organizations have access to the data / tools required to perform their functions? • SDI for different communities (environmental sector, private sector)

24. Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Americas (1) North America: • Canada – Existence of a Canadian Group on Earth Observations (CGEO) which involves a variety of public / private sector entities • USA – US GEO, all federally funded data freely available through variety of portals (e.g. GeoSpatial One Stop) Caribbean: • Bahamas: National legislation supporting SDI • Haiti: Developing National Territorial Observatory (ONEV) similar to Belize’s proposed NEGIS • Jamaica: National SDI committee; GIS in schools Central America: • Development of legally-mandated SINIAs in 6 of 7 countries (Belize the exception); Technical Committee for the Mesoamerican Environmental Information System (SIAM) • Regional Visualization & Monitoring System (SERVIR) links SINIAs for seamless regional coverage, receives national data and supplies regional data South America: • Deployment of environmental monitoring satellites by Argentina and Brazil • Brazil is most sophisticated global example of using satellites for monitoring deforestation

25. Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Americas (2) • Among countries, much experience sharing via international, regional and sub-regional meetings: • Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) conferences • ESRI International User Conference / ESRI LAC User Conference • GEOSS in the Americas Symposia* • URISA / Caribbean GIS conferences • SIAM meetings (Central America) • SERVIR regional workshops (Central America) • Internationally, pretty pictures of progressive NSDI often painted, BUT nationally, turf issues persist – what is “official” institution / “official” data? • MANY cases of successful implementation of particular aspects of SDI (e.g. legislation in Central American countries, fire management in Nicaragua, Brazil’s use of sat imagery for deforestation monitoring, US free data access policy) • Some countries much further along in their development than others; some countries have diverse applications of GIS, others very few institutions

27. Nicaragua has successfully used satellite imagery to combat forest fires Source: F. Gadea, MARENA 2007

28. Structure of Guatemala’s National Environmental Information System (SIA) National Coordination Environmental Management Water Resources NationalEnvironmentalInformation System Policies and Strategies Legal compliance Regional initiatives Training and social participation Clean development Climate change Informatics Source: J. Aceituno, MARN 2007

29. Structure of Guatemala’s National Environmental Information System (SIA) INSIVUMEH SIA CATASTRO Other institutions Other institutions Source: J. Aceituno, MARN 2007

30. National environmental information system (SINIA) concept SERVIR CATHALAC (Regional Node) Top Down and Bottom Up Approach NASA/MSFC (Mirror Site) National Node National Node National Node National Node National Node National Node National Node National Node COSTA RICA EL SALVADOR GUATEMALA HONDURAS PANAMA MEXICO NICARAGUA BELIZE National Nodes Located At Environmental Ministries of Mesoamerican Countries National Node End-User Communities National Node • PRIVATE SECTOR • Hydroelectric • Aviation • Other • UNIVERSITIES & NON- GOVERNMENTAL • Research/Educational • Conservation • Other • PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS • Geography/Mapping • Climate/Meteorology/Hydrology • Biodiversity (Forest, Protected Areas) • Agriculture • Disaster Prevention • Other Source: D. Irwin, NASA 2005

31. www.servir.net • Downloadable data • Online mapping & animation applications • Decision support tools • 3D visualization tools

32. the Regional Visualization & Monitoring System (SERVIR) Mesoamerica’s Earth Observation & Forecasting Platform Terra Terra Aqua Web Interface www.servir.net Fires Red Tides Data ingest from EDOS EDOS EOS and Central Land Cover / Use Change Users LandSat MODIS Central American Government agencies NGOs, researchers Educators, etc. SRTM AMSR-E IKONOS ASTER Impacts Test-bed at NASA MSFC Emergency Response Policy Changes Corridor Preservation Operational Node at CATHALAC Panama Species Preservation Sustained Development Thematic Areas Improved livelihoods Environmental Monitoring & Decision Support Products Agriculture Biodiversity Climate Ecosystems Energy Disasters Health Water Weather • Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) • International Charter on Space and Major Disasters • Mesoamerican Environmental Information System (SIAM) SERVIR is a completely open-access system w/ products in range of formats

33. Inventory (Granule) Database SERVIR Specific Database SERVIR Partner Data Base Other Provider Database SERVIR Portal SERVIR Services and Service Interfaces Application Layer SERVIR Data Search Interface SERVIR Real Time Image Viewer SERVIR - VIZ SERVIR Interactive Map Maker Service Interface Service Layer Project Specific Services Portal Services Inventory Services Catalog Services Metadata Update Services Open Source ESRI SERVIR Data Catalog Subset of Collection Collection Inventory (File List) Collection &/or Inventory Collection &/or Inventory Data/Metadata Layer Data Repository Data Repository Data Repository Source: D. Hardin, UAH 2007

34. Tormenta Tropical Arthur, Belize Depresión Tropical 16 Belize, Guatemala, Honduras Brote de Marea Roja Costas de El Salvador Huracán Hanna Haití Huracán Félix Nicaragua, Honduras Deslizamiento Huahua Michoacán, México Inundaciones Río Sixaola, Costa Rica/Panamá Volcán Turrialba Costa Rica Incendio Forestal Reserva forestal de Pine Ridge, Belize Inundaciones Costa Rica, Panamá Deslizamiento Alta Verapaz Guatemala Inundaciones Colón, Panamá Incendio Clayton, Panamá 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Terremoto Honduras Huracán Dean México, Belize Inundaciones Lago Enriquillo República Dominicana Huracán Stan Guatemala, México, El Salvador Tormenta Tropical Noel República Dominicana Huracán Gustav Haití, Rep. Dominicana Incendio Forestal Volcán Santo Tomás, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala Inundaciones Ciudad de Panamá Tormenta Tropical Olga República Dominicana Terremoto San José, Costa Rica Huracán Ike Haití SERVIR Support for Disaster Response

35. May 2007: LandSat satellite imagery of Mountain Pine Ridge fire Satellite-based estimate of ~30,000 acres burnt

36. June 2008: Mapping flood extent after Tropical Storm Arthur

37. Oct. 2008: Tropical Depression 16 Cost of RADARSAT-1 imagery – US $5,000

38. Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Central America, Mexico, and the Dominican Republic, CATHALAC 2008. Data derived from: NatureServe InfoNatura Species Distribution Grids. WorldClim Climate Grids: Current and Future Conditions. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, 2007.

39. Aura/Aqua/Terra SORCE QuikScat Sage IKONOS CBERS TRMM SPOT 4, 5 SPIN-2 SeaWiFS SeaWinds Envisat Orbview 2, 3 DMC ACRIMSAT UARS EROS A1 Radarsat ALOS Toms-EP ERBS Landsat 7 QuickBird Grace Jason Space Observation Systems Source: T. Fryberger, NASA 2008

40. GEOSS: A Global, Coordinated, Comprehensive and Sustained System of Observing Systems Source: C. Baker, NOAA 2008

41. Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Source: L. Moodie, NOAA 2008

42. So what does this all mean for Belize?

43. Belize’s experience w/ remote sensing research (1950-2005) • Wright et al: Land in British Honduras (1959) • U.K. Ordnance Surveys (late 1960’s – early 1990’s) • FPMP: Zisman: Mangroves in Belize (1992) • FPMP: Furley & Munro: the Wetlands of Belize (1993) • Fairweather & Gray: Land Use of Belize 1989-92 (1994) • NARMAP: Iremonger & Brokaw: Natural Vegetation map (1995) • White et al: Deforestation in Belize (1996) • Matus et al (“Mumby et al”): National Marine Habitat Map (1997) • White et al: Land Use / Land Cover of Central Belize (1998) • Brokaw & Sabido: Vegetation of the Rio Bravo CMA (1998) • Vasquez: Biomass assessment using LandSat TM (1998) • Zisman: Mangroves in Belize (1998) • MBC: Meerman & Sabido: Belize Ecosystem map (2001) • White et al: Analysis of Land Use / Land Cover impacts of Hurricane Iris (2002) • DiFiore: Remote Sensing Analysis of Belize River Riparian Corridor (2002) • Penn et al: Vegetation of the Greater Maya Mountains (2004) • Ek: Monitoring Land Use Change in Belize 1993-2003 (2004) • NPAPSP: Meerman: Belize Ecosystem map update (2005) • Emch et al: 1975-99 Land Cover Classification of Toledo district (2005) Source: E. Cherrington, Belize GIS Day 2005

44. Source: L. Belisle, MNRE

45. Belize Audubon Society Belize Coast Guard Belize Defense Force Belize Electricity Limited Belize Natural Energy Ltd. Belize Police Force Belize Tropical Forest Studies Coastal Zone Management Authority & Institute Department of Agriculture Department of the Environment Forest Department Galen University Geology & Petroleum Dept. Hydrology & Meteorology Dept. Land Information Centre Ministry of Health Ministry of National Devt. National Emergency Management Organization Programme for Belize Solid Waste Management Authority Statistical Institute of Belize Total Business Solutions Ltd. University of Belize Institutions participating in Belize NSDI 2009

46. Institutions using GIS as of Belize GIS Day 2005 • Belize Agricultural Health Authority • Belize Audubon Society • Belize Defense Force • Belize Tropical Forest Studies • Coastal Zone Mgt. Authority & Institute • Forest Department • Friends of Nature • Galen University • Land Information Centre • Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Systems project • Ministry of Health • Programme for Belize • Sarstoon-Temash Institute for Indigenous Mgt. • Toledo Institute for Devt. & Environment • The Nature Conservancy • Wildlife Conservation Society • Wildlife Trust • Wildtracks • World Wildlife Fund • Ya’axche Conservation Trust …the Genie’s Out

47. Successful SDI in Belize? People: Do we have (1) enough (2) trained people working in GIS and remote sensing? → Do we have programs in country / region to build that capacity? Data: Does necessary data evenexist? Data: Do we have access to the necessary datasets? Tools: Do we have access to the right hardware? Tools: Do we have access to the right software?

48. Selected software packages • ArcGIS 9.x (ArcView 3.x)– ESRI (www.esri.com) • BEAM / VISAT 4.x* -European Space Agency • ERDAS Imagine 9.x– Leica Geosystems (www.erdas.com) • Google Earth*–Google (http://earth.google.com) • GRASS*– ITC (http://grass.itc.it/) • IDRISI– Clark University (www.clarklabs.org) • ILWIS*- ITC • Manifold GIS • Opticks 4.x*– Ball Aerospace (https://opticks.ballforge.net/) • PCI Geomatica 10.x– PCI (http://www.pcigeomatics.com/) • Quantum GIS* • RSI ENVI 4.x– ITT (www.ittvis.com) • SPRING 5.x*– INPE (www.dpi.inpe.br/spring/) • TerraLook*– NASA (http://terralook.cr.usgs.gov/) * = Available for free

50. Successful SDI in Belize? People: Do we have (1) enough (2) trained people working in GIS and remote sensing? → Do we have programs in country to build that capacity? Data: Does necessary data evenexist? Data: Do we have access to the necessary datasets? Tools: Do we have access to the right hardware? Tools: Do we have access to the right software? Can we build this capacity together or will we work in isolated groups? → What resources will we need?