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Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918)

Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918). Between 1859-1918 Corps become involved in various wars American Civil War Spanish-American War World War I A true test to see if Marine Corps could eventually become elite fightin g force. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918).

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Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918)

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  1. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Between 1859-1918 • Corps become involved in various wars • American Civil War • Spanish-American War • World War I • A true test to see if Marine Corps could eventually become elite fighting force

  2. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Harper’s Ferry and Civil War • Abolitionist who believed in violence to free slaves • Attempted to seize a munitions depot at Harper’s Ferry (West Virginia). • Lt Israel Greene led 86 Marines into engine house where Brown was fortified • Greene captured Brown

  3. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Southern States leave the union • Many outstanding Marine officers joined the Confederacy • About ½ of the Marine Captains resigned • Nearly two thirds Lieutenants left the service • Due to this, in 1861, the Corps appointed 38 new officers. • Most had little to no previous military experience

  4. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Limited Marine Involvement in Civil War • One notable action • USS Galena disabled under Confederate fire south of Richmond • Corporal John Mackie rallied troops • Restored three of Galena’s guns to firing condition • Carried off the dead and wounder • First Marine to be awarded the Medal of Honor

  5. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • 1866-1897 • Few military engagements • John Phillip Sousa hired as the Marine Corps Bandmaster • Commandant Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin adopts current Marine Corps emblem

  6. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Spanish-American War • Civil disorder in Cuba concerned many Americans • Monroe Doctrine • U.S. not allow European interference in Western Hemisphere • February 1898, the battleship Maine exploded in Havana harbor • Suggested the Spanish were responsible for the deaths of 160 crewmembers including 28 Marines • War declared with Spain in April 1898

  7. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • The Boxer Rebellion • European powers entered China and set up sovereign economic and political territories • Rebels called the “Righteous Fists of Harmony” tried to expel foreign influence • A group of Marines were dispatched over concern of the American legation (diplomatic headquarters) • Pvt Dan Daly awarded Medal of Honor for defending position on a wall for entire night with only a rifle

  8. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • World War I • 1st action on 17 March 1918 • Trench warfare • Bois de Belleau (Belleau Woods) • Germans found out how expert the Marines were as marksmen • Marines approached across wheat field in four waves • Germans allowed them to get close then opened fire • Marines were running low on ammo

  9. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Belleau Woods – continued • 2ndLt William Moore and SgtMaj John Quick • Awarded Distinguished Service Cross • Awarded Navy Cross • Going through German artillery to bring ammo • Marines dug in • Repelled counter attack • Germans so respected Marine bravery • Teufelhunder / Devil Dog • French renamed woods: “Bois de la Brigade de Marines,” wood of the Marine Brigade

  10. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Devil Dog Fountain • In Belleau Wood • Believed to bring good luck to Marines that drink from it. • One of many of Corps’ legends

  11. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • First Marine Aviator • Lieutenant Alfred A. Cunningham • Arrived at Naval Aviation Camp, Annapolis, MD 1 August 1912 • Generated ideas concerning Marine Corps Aviation • Father of Marine Corps Aviation

  12. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Question #1 • Who led the Marines at Harper’s Ferry?

  13. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Answer #1 • Lt Israel Greene

  14. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Question #2 • Who was the 1st Marine bandmaster?

  15. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Answer #2 • John Phillip Sousa

  16. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Question #3 • Who adopted the current Marine emblem

  17. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Answer #3 • BGen Jacob Zeilin

  18. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Question #4 • Who was the first Marine awarded the medal of honor?

  19. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Answer #4 • Cpl John Mackie

  20. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Question #5 • What nickname did the Marines receive in Belleau Wood?

  21. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Answer #5 • Teufelhunder / Devil Dog

  22. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Question #6 • Who is the father of Marine aviation?

  23. Growth in Size and Stature (1859-1918) • Answer #6 • Lt Alfred A. Cunningham

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