宾语从句

1. 宾语从句 宾语从句 张亚莉 杨凌高新中学

2. 宾语从句 定义： 宾语从句就是在复合句中作及物动词的宾语的句子。 eg:The head teacher said (that) she was hard-working .(that 后的从句作主句动词said 的宾语.)

3. 复习内容：宾语从句考点归纳 复习目标：1、掌握引导宾语从句的各 种连接词（引导词） 2、掌握宾语从句的语序 ——主句+连接词+主语+谓语 3、掌握宾语从句，主句与 从句在时态上的呼应。 重点：语序和时态呼应 难点：语序和时态呼应；与疑问词+不定式的转化；与状语从句的辨析

4. 【考点扫描】 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1.引导宾语从句的连接词（引导词）的选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空等。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。

5. 考点梳理：一、宾语从句的连接词： 1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:当陈述句用作宾语从句时,用连接词that引导。注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。 eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

6. 2.由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句: 当一般疑问句用作宾语从句时，用连词if或whether 引导。if/ whether 作“是否”之意，它们引导宾语从句时不能省去一般两者可换用，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me ，I don’t(didn’t) know等后。 Beijing

7. eg. Tom don’t knowif/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether： ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词后：It depends on whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go thereor not.

8. 3.由连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副where,how,why,when引导的宾从句：当特殊疑问句用作宾语从句时，用特殊疑问词作引导词。代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。

9. eg: 1)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in. 2)I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents.  I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型：是宾语从句或是状语从句。

10. 二、宾语从句的语序： 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。例如： Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)

11. 三、宾语从句的时态呼应： 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

12. 宾语从句的时态应与主句时态保持一致，即： A. “主现从不限”当主句用一般现在时时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。 　如：He says that he will join the Party on July 1st,2011. Her mother doesn’t know what she has already eaten.

13. B. “主过从限过”　当主句用一般过去时时，从句一般相应地用表示过去的某种时态。如：一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等，而不用一般现在时、现在完成时等。如：He didn’t tell us where he camefrom .

14. C.“真金不怕炼”当从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，不管主句用什么时态，从句都只用一般现在时。如:C.“真金不怕炼”当从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，不管主句用什么时态，从句都只用一般现在时。如: He saidthe sun is much bigger than the moon.

15. 四、其他需要说明的问题： • 1.标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。 • eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. • Can you tell me which bus I should take?

16. 2.要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。 eg: She said she would leave a message on the desk.

17. 五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分： eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。

18. 判断方法： 1.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。 2.从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。

19. 3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。

20. 例1)(2010 .玉溪.)-- Could you tell me ____? --Sure,about in an hour. A.how soon he will be here B.how soon will he be here C.how long he will be here D.how long will he be here 解析：本题考查宾语从句的连接词和语序，由答语in an hour可知，应用how soon 提问，又因宾语从句应用陈述语序，故应选A.

21. 例2)(2010 .河北省卷,45.) Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________? • where you buy it • B. where do you buy it • C. where you bought it • D. where did you buy it 解析：本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态，A和C都是陈述句语序，但根据句意，只有C选项符合题意，故应选C.

22. 例3)(2010江苏) --I don't know _____ now. • --She is much better today. • how is she B. where is she • C. how she is D. where she is 解析：本题考查宾语从句的连接词和语序，A和B不是陈述语序，可以排除。根据答句，只有C选项符合题意，故应选C。

23. 考点训练

24. A 1)I want to know ________. A.when we should arrive at the airport B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at D.when the airport should we arrive at B 2）--Would you please tell me ________? --At 10:00 this evening. A. when will the train leave B. when the train will leave C. when does the train leave

25. A 3）--Do you know _______? -- I'm not sure.Maybe an artist. A.what the man with long hair is B.what is the man with long hair C.who the man with long hair is D.who is the man with long hair A 4）--Could you tell me_______? --Just go straight.It's on your right. A.where the police station is B.what your name is C.which country you come from D.why you like koalas

26. A 5)--Do you know _____ the new mobile phone last week? --Maybe 900 yuan.I'm not quite sure. A.how much she paid for B.how much will she pay for C.how much did she pay for D.how much she will pay for 6）--Do you know the man under the tree? --Sorry, I don't know _______. A. how is he B. what is he C. who he is D. bother C

27. D 7）--Do you know_______last night? --Some school things. A.what does she buy B.what she buys C.what did she buy D.what she bought A 8)--Do you know _____the man with glasses is? --A reporter,I think. A.what B.that C.who D.where D 9)The boy asked his father _______? A.where it happens B.when did it happen C.what was it happen D.how it happened

28. A 9）I hear Tom lives here,but I'm not sure_____. A.which room he lives in B.which room does he live in C.he lives in which room D.in which room does he live D 10）-- Could you please tell me ____? -- Walk along the road until to the end and you'll see it on your left. A. how is the Shi Chang Square B. how the Shi Chang Square is C. where is the Shi Chang Square D. where the Shi Chang Square is

29. C 11）--- Can you tell me ______ on the Internet? --- OK, mum. A. how can I use QQ B. where can I use QQ C. how I can use QQ D. whether can I use QQ 12）---We can use QQ to communicate with each other online. ---Good. Will you you please show me_____. A.which to use B. how to use it C.what to use D.where to use it B

30. 13 ) --That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _________? --For 5 years. A. how soon he will come back B. how long he has stayed there C. when he went there D. when he will come here B A 14）--Tommy, do you know if Frank ______ to the theatre with us this Sunday if it ______? --Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go, is fine B. goes, is fine C. will go, is going to be fine D. goes, will be fine

31. B 15)-- Could you tell me _____? -- Yes. He _____to Australia. A.where is he;has gone B.where he is;has gone C.where he is;has been C 16)She told me the sun ______ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen C • 17)Could you please teach me _______ the computer. • how check B. to check • C. how to check D. to how checking • 18)_______ he’ll come or not isn’t important. • A. Why B. If C. Whether D. What C

32. 18) --Mike wants to know if ___a picnic tomorrow. • --Yes. But if it _______, we’ll visit • the museum instead. • A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain • C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains • 19) I don’t know if he ______tomorrow. • If he ________, I’ll meet him. • A.will come/ comes B. comes/ comes • C. will come/ will come D. comes/ will come • 20)I really don’t know if she ____ it when she ___. • finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive • C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives C A D

33. 21)---I seem to be lost. Could you tell me _____? ---Sure. You can take the No.3 bus to get there. A. where is the nearest hospital B.how long it will take me to the airport C.how far is my trip to the Olympic Village D.how I can get to the National Museum D A • 22)-Could you tell me ________ last night? • -Er, I was watching TV at home. • what you were doing • B. what were you doing • C. what you are doing • D. what are you doing

34. C 23)No one tells us______, so we need your help. A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it B 24)Do you still remember _______? A.that he said B. what he said C.did he say that D. what did he say C 25)I don’t know _____ he will be back home. A.who B. what C. when D. where

35. Thanks !