Changes in Molecular Diagnostics

1. Changes in Molecular Diagnostics Dr Sally Corden

2. Oxygen(9.3%), Carbon(61.7%), Hydrogen(5.7%), Nitrogen(11%) Calcium(5%), Phosphorus(3.3%), Potassium(1.3%), Sulphur(1.0%), Sodium(0.7%), Chlorine(0.7%), Magnesium(0.3%), Chromium, Cobalt, Copper, Fluorine, Manganese, Molybdenum,Selenium, Tin, Vanadium, Zinc, Iodine, Iron, Boron, Silicon

3. The Molecular Biology Timeline 1869-Miescher, Purification of DNA 1909-1929 Levene, Discovery of nucleotides

4. Franklin Wilkins

5. Crick Watson

6. 1983-Mullins, PCR “ Beginning with a single molecule of the genetic material DNA, the PCR can generate 100 billion similar molecules in an afternoon”

7. 50º Anneal primers 72º Polymerase binds 72º Copy strands PCR 95º Denature Taq Taq Taq Taq

8. PCR

9. 50º Anneal 72º Polymerase binds 72º Copy strands Real time PCR Taq Taq Taq

10. Real time PCR

11. Real time PCR

12. INFECTIOUS DISEASE HAEMATOLOGY Molecular Pathology SOLID TUMORS IDENTITY TESTING GENETIC DISEASE Molecular Techniques A Universal Discipline of Laboratory Medicine

13. Molecular Diagnostics in Clinical Practice • Monitor diseases more accurately • Allows for early treatment and better patient care • Determine most appropriate treatment • Reduces or eliminates unnecessary treatment • Reduces or eliminates inadequate treatment • Yields greater cost effectiveness • Reduce patient morbidity and mortality

14. Molecular Diagnostics in Clinical Practice The ultimate goal of the molecular diagnostics laboratory: Provide a more sensitive, precise, and accurate determination of disease diagnosis and/or guidance toward appropriate and effective treatment options.

15. Molecular Diagnostics Unit Cardiff (2000) HSV-1/2, VZV Hepatitis C (detection and genotyping) HIV (viral load)

16. Molecular Diagnostics Unit Cardiff (2008) HSV-1/2, CMV, VZV Hepatitis C (detection and genotyping) Noroviruses Enteroviruses Influenza A+B, RSV, PIV 1-4, RhV HIV (viral load) C. trachomatis N.Meningitidis Mycobacteria Aspergillus Candida

17. Introduction of Change Life belongs to the living and he who lives must be prepared for change. (Goethe) No one likes a change except a wet baby. (Noel Coward)

18. Introduction of Change Attitudes to change: • Early innovators; these run with new ideas • Early adaptors; these are influenced by (1) • The slow majority; herd followers • The reluctant minority • The antagonistic; these will never change

19. Place advert in EU Journal Expressions of interest Issue of Tenders Consideration & Evaluation response Standstill Period EU Procurement Rules 37 days 40 days 28 days 10 days

20. The Molecular Biology Timeline 1869 Miescher, Purification of DNA 1929 Levene, Structure of Nucleotides 1953 Watson and Crick, Structure of DNA 1970 Recombinant DNA Technology 1983 PCR The Future

21. Automation

22. Microarrays