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Carbon footprint of haemoglobin and plasma powder

Carbon footprint of haemoglobin and plasma powder. Tommie Ponsioen / Geert van der Velden 24 November 2011. Outline. What is a product carbon footprint? Goal, scope & methods Production chain of haemoglobin and plasma powder Carbon footprint assessment results

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Carbon footprint of haemoglobin and plasma powder

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  1. Carbon footprint of haemoglobin and plasma powder Tommie Ponsioen / Geert van der Velden 24 November 2011

  2. Outline • What is a product carbon footprint? • Goal, scope & methods • Production chain of haemoglobin and plasma powder • Carbon footprint assessment results • Comparison with carbon footprints of alternative products • Conclusions

  3. 1. Methods and protocols • Basics of product carbon footprints • System boundaries • Allocation • Standards and specifications

  4. 1.1 Definition of product carbon footprint • footprint is a metaphor for the total impact of a product • carbon is all the different greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming • In short, a product carbon footprint is the full climate change impact of a product

  5. 1.2 Introduction CF. What is it about? • CF aims to systematically study the environmental impacts of a system (product/service/etc) Raw materials Product Processing Transport Transport Product use Example impact calculation kg CO2eq CO2fossil 1 CO2biogenic 0 CH4 25 N2O 298

  6. 1.3 Included GHG emissions • Carbon dioxide (fossil): • Fuel combustion for heat, electricity, transport • Fuel combustion for fuel production! • Methane (25 kg CO2eq per kg CH4): • Enteric fermentation & manure • Methane slip from CHP systems • Nitrous oxide (298 kg CO2eq per kg N2O): • N fertilizer production and application • N in crop residues

  7. 1.4 Carbon footprint is a type of environmental lifecycle assessment • Environmental impact categories: • Global warming (carbon footprint) • Fossil energy depletion • Land occupation • Eutrophication • Acidification • Freshwater depletion • Et cetera • Normalized and weighted single endpoint scores: • Ecological footprint, Eco-indicator99, ReCiPe, CML-IA, etc.

  8. 1.6Carbon Footprint of animal fat Crop growing Crop Agro-industry Manure application Feed materials Co-products (e.g. edible oils) Animal husbandry Manure storage Animal Slaughtering Meatproducts Co-productsa.o fats CO2 Fat processing / refining Cat 3 & foodgrade products

  9. 1.7 Lifecycle of meat Input production (seed, fertilizer, diesel, pesticides) Crop cultivation Processing Fuels, electricity production Fuels, electricity production Feed formulation Animal husbandry Fresh meat Slaughtering Packing, distribution By-products Retail Rendering Consumption Feed formulation Waste treatment

  10. 1.8 Allocation • System expanison (difficult in food chains) • Physical criteria (mass, protein, caloric value) • Other (economic  most applied and most meaningfull in food chains )

  11. Upstream:(kg CO2eq/kg soybeans) Soybeans (1 ton) Soybean meal (0.8 ton) Soybean oil (0.2 ton) The allocation fraction is : 80% The allocation fraction is : 20% 1.9 Example Mass based allocation

  12. Upstream:(kg CO2eq/kg soybeans) Soybeans (1 ton) Total LHV: 16.1 + 7.4 = 23.5 MJ Soybean meal (0.8 ton) LHV: 20 MJ/ton soybean meal = 16.1/ton soybeans Soybean oil (0.2 ton) LHV: 37 MJ/ton soybean oil = 7.4/ton soybeans The allocation fraction is : 69% (16.1/23.5) The allocation fraction is : 31% (7.4/23.5) 1.10 Example Energy content based allocation

  13. Upstream:(kg CO2eq/kg soybeans) Soybeans (1 ton) revenue: € 240+160=400 Soybean meal (0.8 ton) Value: €300/ton soybean meal = €240/ton soybeans Soybean oil (0.2 ton) Value: €800/ton soybean oil = €160/ton soybeans The allocation fraction is : 40% (160/400) The allocation fraction is : 60% (240/400) 1.11 Example Economic allocation

  14. IPCC Guidelines IPCC GWP Standards for lifecycle assessments ISO 14040 - 14044 ISO 14067, WRI/WBSCD Specifications for carbon footprint assessments PAS2050 BRX….. RED Horticulture (in development) Carbon footprint assessment product and sector specifications Animal feed (to be expected) Fats and oils for food And feed (n.a.) 1.13 Relevant standards EU scope

  15. 2.1 Goal, scope & methods • The goal of the study was to give insight in: • the carbon footprints of haemoglobin and plasma powder from an EAPA production site • the contributions of different sources to the carbon footprints

  16. 2.2 Goal, scope & methods • The scope includes all greenhouse gas emissions in the complete production chain of haemoglobin and plasma powder and alternative products: • Fish meal (alternative for haemoglobin powder) • Soy protein concentrate, skimmed milk powder, whey protein concentrate (80% protein) and casein (alternative for plasma powder)

  17. 2.3 Goal, scope & methods • Following the ISO standards for lifecycle assessments (ISO14040/44: 2006) • In line with: • British carbon footprint specification (PAS2050) • French carbon footprint specification (BP X30-323) • Draft ISO standard for product carbon footprints (ISO14067: expected early 2012)

  18. 3.1 Production chain of haemoglobin and plasma powder Economical allocations 69% 31%

  19. 4.1 Carbon footprint assessment results: Haemoglobin powder 870 • Porcine versus Bovine • Bovine (meat) versus Bovine (milk)

  20. 4.2 Carbon footprint assessment results: Plasma powder 3200

  21. 5.1 Comparison with carbon footprints of alternative products (haemoglobin) • Fish meal is made from complete fish or from fish by-products resulting in a large difference between best and worst case carbon footprints • Carbon footprint of fish meal is larger - Fish meal: excluding CFP freight South America to Europe!

  22. 5.2 Comparison with carbon footprints of alternative products (haemoglobin) • Even more so when the carbon footprint is expressed per kg of protein

  23. 5.3 Comparison with carbon footprints of alternative products (plasma) • Soy protein concentrate has smaller carbon footprint, but much larger land use change footprint • CF of whey protein concentrate depends on applied method: can be smaller and can be much larger !

  24. 5.4 Comparison with carbon footprints of alternative products (plasma) • The CF of acid casein and skimmed milk powder are much larger (even more when expressed per kg of protein) • Raw milk has an extremely large CF (8 - 12 kg CO2eq/kg DM) mainly due to methane emissions from enteric fermentation

  25. 6. Conclusions • It is very likely that haemoglobin powder has less impact on global warming than fish meal • It is very likely that plasma powder has less impact than the evaluated alternative dairy products (except for WPC) • Given that: • quality aspects of the protein (digestibility and amino acid profile) are not considered • CF of SPC depends on applied methods and data (nitrous oxide emissions from the soil and land use change) • CF of WPC depends on allocation method

  26. 2. Goal, scope & methods (additional information) • Economic allocation (dividing upstream emissions between co-products based on their economic value) • Emissions from production and combustion of fuels (at production plant and electricity supplier) • Methane emissions from animal husbandry and nitrous oxide emissions from fertilizers in the supply chain included • Production of other inputs (e.g. chemicals) only included when expected significant contribution • Production of capital goods not included • Land use change for crop production included

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