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The Social Identity

The Social Identity. Of Scotland. The UK family: In statistics. Families are changing shape and facing up to new lifestyle challenges. The facts and figures below give an idea of what the typical UK family looks like in the early 21st century. What is a ‘typical’ family?.

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The Social Identity

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  1. The Social Identity Of Scotland

  2. The UK family: In statistics Families are changing shape and facing up to new lifestyle challenges. The facts and figures below give an idea of what the typical UK family looks like in the early 21st century.

  3. What is a ‘typical’ family? • There were 17.1 million families in the UK in 2006 - up from 16.5 million in 1996. • Most were still headed by a married couple (71%), although the proportion of cohabiting couple families had increased to 14%, from 9% 10 years earlier. • Although two children remains the most common family size, the average number of children per family in the UK has dropped - from 2.0 in 1971 to 1.8.

  4. Where families live • More young people are living at home for longer. In 2006, 58% of men and 39% of women aged 20-24 in England still lived at home with their parents. • There is a larger than average concentration of single people living in London, whereas married couples and families tend to be concentrated in the centre of the country and around the outskirts of major cities, according to research by Professor Danny Dorling of Sheffield University. • His map is based on data drawn from the 85 constituencies used for the European parliamentary elections in 1999, each containing many people over the age of 18 in a similar geographical area.

  5. The areas are categorised, for example as predominantly single, where the number of people living on their own is the most unusually large group compared with the national average. • Figures were not available for Northern Ireland.

  6. Work-life balance • In most families with dependent children, the father is still the main wage earner and the mother often works part-time. • According to the BBC/ICM poll, 33% of women still do the bulk of household chores, but 35% of respondents said both parents shared childcare duties.

  7. Work-life balance; The figures

  8. Spending habits • The average family income is £32,779 before tax. • According to ONS figures, an average house - made up of 3.9 people - spends £601.20 a week, compared with a couple's average spend of £527.30. In other words, the household spends £155.60 per head, compared with a couple's spend of £263.60 per head.

  9. The Spending Habits of British Families

  10. The Social Identity of

  11. The last census in 2011 showed that 7,364,570 people live in Bulgaria. The average life expectancy for women is 74, and for men - 67. About one quarter of the population is at the age of pension. Most of Bulgarian population lives in cities. More than a million and a half people live in the capital city Sofia, which is approximately one fifth of the total population. There are many ethnic groups living in Bulgaria (Turks, Gypsies, Armenians, Jews, Greeks and Albanians) as a consequence of its historical and geographical specifics. All minorities live in harmony with the Bulgarian population without any social or ethnic pressure.

  12. According to the first EU census held this year the National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria gives result, which is 7,364,570 inhabitants. In 2001 the population was 7,932,984 inhabitants.

  13. Growth rate: −4.6 people/1,000 population (2010) Birth rate: 10.0 births/1,000 population (2010) Death rate: 14.6 deaths/1,000 population (2010) Life expectancy: 73.6 yearsmale: 70.0 yearsfemale: 77.2 years Fertility rate: 1.49 children born/woman

  14. Ethnical groups

  15. LanguagesBulgarian87.5%Turkish 8.6% Roma 2.1%other and unspecified 1.8% The 2011 census defines an ethnic group as a "community of people, related to each other by origin and language, and close to each other by mode of life and culture"; and one's mother tongue as "the language a person speaks best and usually uses for communication in the family (household)"

  16. Religion Orthodox Christian 85.6%Muslim 10.2%Roman Catholic 0.6%Protestant 0.5%other 0.2% undeclared and not shown 2.9%

  17. The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook Median ageTotal: 41.4 years Male: 39.2 years Female: 43.6 yearsSex ratioAt birth: 1.06 male(s)/female Under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15–64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female Total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2009 est.) HIV/AIDSAdult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2011 est.) People living with HIV/AIDS: 803 (November 2007)Deaths: 100 (2011 est.)

  18. Social changes From 1948 untiltoday

  19. Effects of the Second World War Prisoners of war, disappearances Deportation of the Jews Displacement In the Second World War the human loss nearly 1 million people

  20. The Second World War and its consequences • The human loss (casualties) reached nearly one million in Hungary. People lost their lives in the battles, during the bombings of German and later Russian occupation. Jews were killed after their deportations in concentration camps. • In the decades after the war, the Hungarian population policy supported starting a family and took measures to increase the population.

  21. 1948-1956 Ratko era • Anna Ratko was a Minister of Public Welfare and later a Minister of health. • She was the first female minister in Hungary. • The birth control laws made she very well-known. The population of Hungary between 1920 and 1990 Year Population (million/person)

  22. Ratko era • Anna Ratko was a Minister of Public Welfare first, later she was a Minister of health. • They tried to influence the increase of population with legal means and wanted to improve the social services. In 1952 they abolished the institution of divorce by consent and banned abortion. They only allowed the interruption of pregnancy if the foetus was unhealthy, or if the pregnant woman's life was in danger. Those who had no children had to pay the childless taxes. These resulted in the fact that birth rates radically increased, in 1960 the population of Hungary reached 9,9 million.

  23. Ratko era policy of population • The law forbade the artificial interruption of pregnancy. • Childless tax payment • For pregnant women before giving birth 12 weeks of paid leave and after giving birth 6 months breastfeeding time. Result:Under 10 years the population of Hungary grew almost about 600.000

  24. 1960-1970 • In the 60s the birth rate decreased, because more and more women started working, urbanization and industrialization were going on, due to the decrease in the proportion of rural families with several children. • In 1970 they developed the system of primary education and the majority of the population completed 8 years in primary school. • The government developed the system of nursery schools under the age of 3 for children and kindergarten between the ages of 3 and 6 f to help working mothers, and they increased the length of maternity leave. • In 1967 they introduced the idea of child care benefit. Mothers could get money to bring their children up. This assistance made it possible for one of the parents to stay at home for 2.5 years and had therefore benefited from state care, its amount was 600Ft. It is about two euros at the moment. This was the longest and most favorable child care assistance. • And they lifted up the the amount of family allowance too. These measures increased the number of the population and the number of births again.

  25. Negativeeffects positiveeffects Number of population increases Large families The abortion ban lifted in June 1956, a childless tax in 1956 was abolished after the revolution. • The number of illegal abortions increased, many young women died or were imprisoned • After 1955 drastically reduced the number of births

  26. 1960-1970-ies decline of population Causes: Women began work - Educational growth - Urbanization - Depleted the number of religious practices College Graduation Vocational diploma without graduation grade 8 less than grade 8 Educational evolution

  27. Government measures to stop the falling birth rate They increased the amount of family allowance They built nurseries and kindergartens They increased the Paid maternity leave In 1967 they introduced the maternity leave Family allowance Kindergartens and nurseries Panel housing onset

  28. 1980-2011 The decrease of the number of births live births mortality natural increase or decrease

  29. Families • Usually there were families with two children Babysitters appeard: jobs Women bear later and later Effects:

  30. 1980 MATERNITY aid 1987 Mother allowce (6000 Ft) 1990 Fiancial support of parents and school children Family taxation Goverment has increased the population from 1980 until 2011 A big family in the past A tipycal family today

  31. 8-9-10-11 slide: • Since 1980 until today • Around 1980, the birth rate started to fall again. The causes of the decline of birth rate were the following: • There was an economic and social crisis as a result the living standards became worse. • The health status of the population deteriorated, it became worse. • The number of suicides and the number of alcoholics increased. • Drug appeared. • There appeared big differences between the property and financial situation of the population. • Nobody can be sure of having their job and the unemployment has appeared. • There are fewer manual workers than intellectual ones. • The proportion of university and college students have doubled. • Fewer people have got married, and the number of divorces has increased. Young people have got married later and they have undertaken children later and fewer and fewer children have been born. More and more people became graduates and the learning time expanded to 25-26 years of age. • In general, couples undertake children at the age of 30. • In 1980 they introduced the child care allowance, called "maternity leave" in Hungary called GYED, the education allowance and tax incentive. • These days the population continues to decline, large families become disintegrated and there are more and more one-child families. Since the 1970s the number of people who lived outside marriage increased significantly. In 1990 one third of families lived without children.

  32. the social identityof germany

  33. structures and development of the population • Improvement of living conditions • social poverty in a transforming society • educational expansion/ educational opportunities • modernization • diversity of the modern social structure synopsis

  34. population growth • declining birth rates • population gets older • immigration needs ---------> problems of integration • immigration dynamics/ long term consequences of the second world war (e.g. Eastern Germany) structures and development of the population

  35. economic miracle • earnings grow • prosperity explosion (living conditions and consumer goods) IMPROVEMENT OF living conditions

  36. income poverty • risk groups • homeless peoples social poverty in a TRANSFORMING society

  37. extension of the number of schools • more young people visit secondary schools • abolition of „Hauptschule“ educational expansion/ educational opportunities

  38. development of the social structures in reunited Germany e.g. Berlin modernization

  39. 4 social layers (elite, middle class, working class, lower class) • exterior features (profession, income,possession, influence) and interior features(behaviour, life experience) Diversity of the modern social struCture

  40. Social identity Belgium

  41. Belgium • good in languages •  three official languages • Dutch • French • German •  very social •  easy to have contact with foreign countries

  42. Festivals • Pukkelpop • Rock Werchter • Les Ardentes • Tomorrowland • Dour

  43. Social event • Gentsefeesten • 16-26 July • 100,000 visitors/day • Artists from over the whole world

  44. Social event • Ronde van Vlaanderen • 2 million visitors, 50 million watching • One of most famous races • National feast

  45. Social event • Waregem koerse • End of August • Horse event • 80,000 visitors/day

  46. Statistics • Belgium with 349 inhabitants per square kilometer is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. • Population: 10,431,477 • 30,528 sqkm • Flemish 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%

  47. Statistics

  48. Statistics • 3 main languages • Dutch • French • German • Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1% • Other languages • English • Spanish • Latin

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