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Nutrients and Digestion Chapter Test Review

Nutrients and Digestion Chapter Test Review. 7 th grade Science. Main sources of energy; starches and sugars. Carbohydrates. Nutrients that repair and replace body cells. Proteins. Subunits of proteins. Amino acids. Inorganic nutrients that regulate the body’s chemical reactions.

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Nutrients and Digestion Chapter Test Review

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  1. Nutrients and Digestion Chapter Test Review 7th grade Science

  2. Main sources of energy; starches and sugars. • Carbohydrates

  3. Nutrients that repair and replace body cells. • Proteins

  4. Subunits of proteins. • Amino acids

  5. Inorganic nutrients that regulate the body’s chemical reactions. • Minerals

  6. Physical breakdown of food, as in chewing. • Mechanical Digestion

  7. Breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption. • Chemical digestion.

  8. Enzyme-containing fluid in the mouth. • Saliva

  9. Muscular contractions that move food. • Peristalisis

  10. Fingerlike projections in the small intestine. • Villi

  11. Unlike inorganic nutrients, organic nutrients contain ________. • carbon

  12. Starches are in foods such as potatoes and ________. • grains

  13. Milk, cheese, and ______ contain ALL the essential amino acids. • eggs

  14. The amount of energy available in foods is measured in ________. • calories

  15. ________ are nutrients that help absorb some vitamins. • Fats

  16. Saturated fats, found in ______, are believed to contribute to high cholesterol and heart disease. • Red meats

  17. _______ are essential, organic nutrients that help your body regulate its functions. • Vitamins

  18. Scurvy is a disease caused by a lack of _______ • Vitamin C

  19. Trace minerals include copper and _______. • iodine

  20. Next to oxygen, _____ is the most vital factor for survival. • water

  21. A protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in your body is called a(n) ________. • enzyme

  22. The process of digestion begins in your ______. • mouth

  23. Food that leaves your stomach is the form of a thin, watery fluid called ______. • Chyme

  24. The major portion of all food ________ takes place in the duodenum. • digestion

  25. The major job of the ______ is to absorb water from undigested food. • Large intestine

  26. What tells you that eating corn would not add to your cholesterol level? • 0g fat

  27. What two nutrients would help build bones and teeth? • Vitamin C and Phosphorus

  28. What tells you that eating corn would help give you energy? • 18g carbohydrates

  29. Your doctor just told you that you have high cholesterol. What causes high cholesterol, what are its risks, and what can you do to lower your risks? High cholesterol equals saturated fats, this causes deposits in blood vessels, this leads to a chance of heart attack and stroke. To decrease this risk is to eat less fats also known as red meats.

  30. If your doctor said you had a Vitamin D deficiency, what changes could you make to correct it? • Spend time in the sun and/or eat foods containing Vitamin D.

  31. The main job of the _________ is to absorb water from undigested food. • Large intestine

  32. In doing so, the body returns large amounts of water to the body and maintains ________. • Homeostasis

  33. _________ slows down somewhat in the large intestine. • Peristasis

  34. Chyme may stay here as long as ______ days. • three

  35. During this time, excess water is absorbed back into the blood stream. The remaining materials, consisting of __________ and bacteria, become more ________. • Undigested material • solid

  36. Bacteria that live here feed on these undigested materials. This is a symbiotic relationship. The bacteria feed on these materials, and in return they produce several _________ that you need. • vitamins

  37. List the four organic nutrients and the two inorganic nutrients. • Organic • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Fats • Vitamins • Inorganic • Minerals • Water

  38. How do minerals get into your body? • Minerals are absorbed from soil by plants. When you eat plants, you get these nutrients.

  39. B. EsophagusF. MouthH. SmallIntestineI. Stomach 8. Place where food is ground mechanically into small pieces 9. Muscular tube that serves as a passageway for food. 10. Turns food into chyme 11. Major portion of all digestion takes place.

  40. Anus • C. Gallbladder • D. Large intestine • E. Liver • G. Pancreas 12. Produces bile 13. Stores bile 14. Produces substances that stop stomach acid action and enzymes that break down organic nutrients 15. Absorbs water from undigested food 16. Controls the release of solid waste

  41. Discuss the food pyramid and the relationship between diet and health. The food pyramid helps maintain good health, has the food groups, and calcium-rich foods.

  42. What are enzymes and how do they aid in digestion? Enzymes are proteins that help join or break down substances. They are vital in chemical digestion because they help break down food as it passes through the digestive system, without being changed themselves.

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