Appreciative Inquiry Research Dealing with Student Prescription Drug Abuse

1. Dr. Jeanelle Boyer, Dr. MarjDroppa, Dr. John Finneran and Dr. Margaret A Smith Keene State College, NH NAADAC 2014 Appreciative Inquiry Research Dealing with Student Prescription Drug Abuse

2. Today’s Objectives • Discuss the following: • Prescription drug abuse on college campuses • Current prevention strategies used to address prescription drug abuse • The use of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) research as an evidence-based prevention strategy

3. Objective One Prescription drug abuse on college campuses Dr. John Finneran

4. Prescription Drug Use on College Campuses • Approximately one in every five college students reported nonmedical use of at least one prescription medication in their lifetime. • Past year prevalence of medical use, diversion and nonmedical use of prescription stimulants increased significantly between 2003 and 2013. • Past year use was greater among males, Whites, members of social fraternities and sororities, those with a lifetime history of medical use of prescription medications, or past year history of being approached to divert their prescription medications. • Past year prevalence of medical use, diversion and nonmedical use of prescription opioids decreased significantly over the same period. • McCabe et al. (2014) Trends in medical use, diversion, and nonmedical use of prescription medication among college students from 2003 to 2013: Connecting the dots. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 1176-1183

5. Trends in past-year nonmedical use of prescription medications in college students: 2003–2013 McCabe et al., 2014

7. Percent of Other drug use - *Excludes alcohol, cigarettes, tobacco from a water pipe, and marijuana within the past 12 months – ACHA/NCHA 2013

8. Percent of college students who reported using drugs that were not prescribed to them within the last 12 months ACHA/NCHA 2013

9. Problems Associated with Prescription Drug Abuse among College Students • Health risks (seizures, stroke, death) • Most college students abusing Adderall were also binge drinkers and half heavy alcohol users(SAMSHA, 2009) • Students who take prescription drugs non-medically are 5x more likely to develop a drug abuse problem (McCabe, 2008)

10. Objective 2 Current techniques used to address prescription drug abuse Dr. Margaret Smith

11. What prevention strategies are you using in your community or campus?

12. Current Methods of Reducing Drug Abuse on College Campuses • Environmental approaches (ex: Social Norms, campus wide policies) • Orientation Programs (ex: Under the Influence Program, New Student Orientation) • Late night and Weekend Activities/Events/Programs

13. Current Methods of Reducing Drug Abuse on College Campuses • Education Groups (ex: Policy Violators Group, Residential Education Programs) • Individual Counseling • Peer Education • Special programs for Athletes, Fraternities, Sororities

14. What isn’t working • Individual (for the most part) • One-time only • Non-environmental approaches

15. Objective 3 The use of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) research as an evidence-based prevention strategy What is AI? Dr. Marj Droppa

16. What is Appreciative Inquiry (AI)? A framework for creating an imagined future that builds on the most positive and vital elements of a community or organization

17. DISCOVER APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY • DREAM • DELIVER • DESIGN Values the best of what is Envisions what might be Engages in dialogue about what should be Develops strategies to bring about what will be

18. “Appreciative Inquiry focusesus on the positive aspects of our lives and leverages them to correct the negative. It’s the opposite of ‘problem-solving.” • White, T.H. Working in Interesting Times: Employee morale and business success in the information age. Vital Speeches of the Day, May 15, 1996, Vol XLII, No. 15.

19. VS AnalyticalProcess • Define the Problem • Fix what is broken • Focus on what is wrong • “What are the root causes of problems or gaps in services?” CreativeProcess • Search for strengths that already exist • Amplify what is working • Focus on life-giving forces • “What is working well around here?” PROBLEM SOLVING APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY

20. Creative Process • Each 4D is guided by Positive Questions • High point experiences • Values • Core, life-giving factors • Images of future success • Encourage visual design

21. Appreciative Assumptions • In every society, organization, or group, something is working • What we focus on becomes our reality • The act of asking questions of a group influences the group in some way • Looking for what works well and doing more of it is motivating and effective

22. Outcomes of AI • Recognition and affirmation of the group’s strengths, values and resources • Deep understanding of the factors that contribute to success • Strategies to build on success • Synergy within the group • Momentum moving forward

23. Discover The Phases • Dream • Deliver • Design Inquiry into the group’s experience of what works; look for themes. Develop common images for the future; envision “what could be”. Develop provocative propositions. Align strengths, values, structure, and mission with vision. Develop achievable plans and steps to make vision a reality. Co-create a sustainable, envisioned future.

25. The BEST part of AI? • It is community-based • It is a participatory event • It empowers “It focuses on what a community does well rather than on eliminating what a community does badly”

26. Objective 3 cont…. The use of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) research as an evidence-based prevention strategy AI at Keene State College Dr. Jeanelle Boyer

27. AI at Keene State College • 40 participants: faculty, staff, students, community members • 4 weekday evenings • 2 hour sessions

28. AI at Keene State: Discovery • Partner Interviews and small group discussion uncovered the BEST about Health and Wellness at KSC • Results- “Positive Core” • Wellness facilities and student clubs • Non-judgmental attitudes by peers • Supportive environment • Safety and challenge • Volunteer opportunities • Close community • Student involvement outside the college

29. Discovery: Let’s try it! • Think of a time when a prevention strategy worked really well. Talk about that experience with your partner. Take notes. (~3 min per person)

30. AI at KSC: Discovery

31. AI at KSC: Dream KSC opens the communities eyes to a new drug-free horizon! Supporters watched today as over half of KSC’s students took a pledge to be H.I.P. (Healthy, Involved, Positive). Stigma No More: Keene Community Unites to Provide Support and Alternatives leading to national prescription drug reform. Going the extra mile, the KSC community leads the way to prescription drug reform through new ways of resource support and prevention for communities across the nation

32. AI at KSC: Design • Increase the number of peer educators as well as the number of educated RA’s and RD’s • Educate all new teachers/staff/faculty at KSC • Increase awareness about stress relievers (ex yoga, meditation, music, dance) • Mobilizing the whole community • Community endorsement/more resources for the cause/grants • Maintaining what we already have in place • Inspirational speakers for the public

33. Strengths of AI • Community driven prevention strategies • Spring board for a grant and a larger AI summit • Empowering • Engaged participants • Great attendance

34. Reflections from the Research Team • Best Part of AI as a Prevention Strategy?

35. Where we are today • Applied for and received a federally funded grant to use AI inquiry to evaluate community needs and to eventually implement prevention strategies • Partnership with Franklin Pierce College and Cheshire County • AI summit in October at Keene State College with participants from both the college and the greater Keene community

37. Questions & Overview • How does prescription and other substance misuse affect the members of a large, closed community, a college campus? • What is the biopsychosocial impact of a person with moderate to severe substance use disorder upon suite mates, dorm mates, class mates, and others within the college community? • Are responses similar to a nuclear or extended family with substance misuse at its center?

38. Questions?

39. Thank You