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T=300K B=45T

T=300K B=45T. 40. 40. 30. 30. |R xy | (k W ). R xx (k W ). 20. 20. T 10K. h /2 e 2. 10. 10. 0. 0. -40. -20. 0. 20. 40. 60. V g (V). Dirac holes. Dirac electrons. Graphene: You can never be too thin, or too rich . (Mrs Simpson).

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T=300K B=45T

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  1. T=300K B=45T 40 40 30 30 |Rxy| (kW) Rxx (kW) 20 20 T10K h/2e2 10 10 0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 Vg (V) Dirac holes Dirac electrons Graphene: You can never be too thin, or too rich.(Mrs Simpson) Aron Pinczuk – Horst Stormer, Columbia University, DMR 0352738 When it was discovered in 1980, the quantum Hall effect was a fragile quantum phenomenon requiring temperatures close to absolute zero. Material improvement and electron density optimization had pushed the temperature of its existence to about -240oC. The advent of a new two-dimensional material, graphene, has opened up new possibilities for 2D physics in general and for the QHE in particular. We have now observed the QHE in graphene at room temperature, bringing this previously low temperature phenomenon to our human temperature scale. Science, vol. 315, page 1379, 2007. The quest to understand graphene is greatly advanced by measurement of vibrations of the carbon atoms that drag mobile electrons with them. The combined oscillation of neutral atoms and electrons reveals clues on unique electrical conduction in this extreme limit of a single atomic layer. Measurements of vibration modes emerge as primary tools to explore fundamental physics and materials science of graphene. Physical Review Letters, vol.98, page 156805, 2007

  2. Graphene: You can never be too thin, or too rich.(Mrs Simpson) Aron Pinczuk – Horst Stormer, Columbia University, DMR 0352738 Education: Three graduate students (Erik Henriksen, Trevor D. Rhone and Jun Yan) and three postdocs (Dr. Yann Gallais, Dr. Javier Groshaus, and Dr. Zhigang Jiang) contribute to research supported by this NSF award. Altogether 5 undergraduate students are involved in the program and are sharing authorship ( Mollie Schwartz, Sarah Goler, Maika Takita, Ken Sipes andTheresa Villarson.) Beyond exploring the frontiers of many particle quantum physics, students and postdocs are being trained in ultra low temperature techniques, semiconductor physics, material processing and clean-room methods. The expertise gained by the principle investigators flows into the physics curriculum at Columbia, where Pinczuk teaches condensed matter physics and Stormer teaches a university wide freshman class including nano-science and quantum mechanics. Societal Impact: Electronics of the future? The novel two-dimensional conductor graphene exhibits very unusual new physics. Yet it also is being considered as the basis for future electronic devices that may lead us beyond the limitations of the present technology. Our research helps laying the groundwork for such explorations. Columbia graduate and undergraduate students working on graphene physics

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