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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES

THT282 Introduction to sustainable water and sanitation. Water treatment processes. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen. NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES. Petter D. Jenssen and Manoj Pandey** Professor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB)

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NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES

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  1. THT282 Introduction to sustainable water and sanitation Water treatment processes Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES • Petter D. Jenssen and Manoj Pandey** • Professor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB) • ** Assistant professor, Tribhuvan University, Nepal 1 www.umb.no

  2. 90% of the worlds wastewater does not receive any treatment (Corcoran et al. 2010) Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences 7 www.umb.no

  3. Phosphorus is the major agent triggering eutrophication (algeal blooms) in freshwaters Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 3 www.umb.no

  4. The North Sea Nitrogenis considered the main element triggering eutrophication in saltwater NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 4 Photo: R. Gjørven www.umb.no

  5. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Green algae in a stream in Norway at 1200 meters altitude 5 www.umb.no

  6. Nitrogencan cause algea growth in freshwater in alpine regions Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 6 www.umb.no

  7. Kathmandu, Nepal Dry season: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES • DO less than 1 mg/l • BOD - 250 mg (Pandey et al. 2005) 7 www.umb.no

  8. Putrification Kathmandu, Nepal Dry season: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES • DO less than 1 mg/l • BOD - 250 mg (Pandey et al. 2005) 8 www.umb.no

  9. Wastewatertreatment -removal parameters The objectives of sewage treatment will always include the reduction of the concentration of at least one of the below constituents: • Suspended solids; • Organic (biodegradable) material; • Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous); • Pathogenic organisms (expressed as E. Coli) • Medicine residues, organic chemicals (POP´s) • Heavy metals Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 9 www.umb.no

  10. Methods of Removal The contaminants in wastewater are removed by different unit processes: • Physical (sedimetation, flotation, screening, filtration) • Biological (trickling filters, RBC, activated sludge) • Chemical (chemical precipitation, ozonation, chlorination) Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 10 www.umb.no

  11. Wastewater Treatment – Processes Primary Secondary Tertiarary Remove organics and ammonia Remove nutrients and pathogens Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 11 Sludge treatment www.umb.no

  12. Methods of Removal Physical Unit Processes (mainly primary) Treatment methods in which the application of physical forces predominates are known as physical unit operations. Typical unit operations are: • Screening • Sedimentation • Floatation • Membrane filtration* (< 1um) *Tertiary treatment Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Salsnes filter 12 www.umb.no

  13. Membrane Filter Technology (tertiary) • Sette inn egne bilder av membraner Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 13 www.umb.no

  14. Membrane Filter Technology Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 14 www.umb.no

  15. Wastewater Treatment – Processes Primary Secondary Tertiarary Remove organics and ammonia Remove nutrients and pathogens Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 16 Sludge treatment www.umb.no

  16. Methods of Removal (Contd.) Biological Unit Processes (mainly secondary) The treatment method in which the removal of contaminants is brought about by biological activity are known as biological unit process. Some examples are: • aerobic processes - presence of dissolved oxygen • Biofilters • Trickling filters • Activated sludge • anaerobic processes – absence of dissolved oxygen • Denitrification (tertiary) • Septic tanks • Ponds Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 17 www.umb.no

  17. Biofilter Porous media LWA Diam: 2,5 mm Surface area > 5000m2/m3 Bacteria on LWA surface

  18. Wastewater spraying over a biofilter Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 19 www.umb.no

  19. Biofilter: trickling filter (fixed biofilm) Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 20 www.umb.no

  20. Biofilter: Rotating biological contactor - RBC (fixed biofilm) Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 21 www.umb.no

  21. Biological treatment: Activated sludge (biofilm in suspension) Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Activated sludge at Ryaverket Gothenburg 700 000 pe 22 www.umb.no

  22. Wastewater Treatment - Processes Primary Secondary Tertiarary Remove organics and ammonia Remove nutrients and pathogens Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 23 Sludge treatment www.umb.no

  23. Methods of Removal (Contd.) Chemical Unit Process (tertiary) Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by chemical reactions are known as chemical unit processes. Some of the most common are: • Precipitation (lime, Fe- of Al salts, Struvite formation) • Adsorption • Disinfection Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 24 www.umb.no

  24. Methods of Removal (Contd.) Chemical Unit Process (tertiary) Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by chemical reactions are known as chemical unit processes. Some of the most common are: • Precipitation • Adsorption (Ion exchange) • Disinfection Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 25 www.umb.no

  25. Methods of Removal (Contd.) Chemical Unit Process (tertiary) Treatment methods in which the removal or conversion of contaminants is brought about by the addition of chemicals or by chemical reactions are known as chemical unit processes. Some of the most common are: • Precipitation • Adsorption • Disinfection (chlorination, UV-light, Ozone) Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES 26 www.umb.no

  26. Silo Silo Water and sludge treatment process at Bekkelaget PAX-18 Overflow Magasin~35.000m3 Primary Clarifier Filter Activated sludge Sand, grit and screenings FeSO4 4000 l/s < Q < 6000 l/s Biogas Bio sludge Thickener Buffertank Primary sludge Digester Digester Dewatering Buffer PAX-18 Precipitation Primary 1900 l/s<Q< 4000 l/s Q<1900 l/s Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Q=1900 l/s Biogas- upgrading 27 www.umb.no

  27. Removal efficiency % Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.D. Jenssen NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES *with disinfection 28 www.umb.no

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