AIM: How did Ancient Greece establish itself as a dominant power in the western world?

AIM: How did Ancient Greece establish itself as a dominant power in the western world? DO NOW: What do you already know about Ancient Greece?

Geography Shapes Ancient Greece • Greece is located on peninsulain Southern Europe. The Balkan Peninsulastretches south into the Mediterranean Sea. • Covered with ruggedmountains. No long rivers. Mild climate, hot summers.

Asia Minor Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea +Marathon Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea

Geography Shapes Greece • Polis: Greek city-state. Made up of a major city or town and its surrounding countryside. • Mountains divided Greeks from one another. • Seas provided a vital link to the outside world. • Acropolis: high city, stood on top of a hill with a great marble temple dedicated to different gods or goddesses

Governing the City-States • Citizens: free residents • Between 750 BCE and 500 BCE, different forms of government evolved in Ancient Greece • Monarchy • Aristocracy • Oligarchy • Tyranny • Democracy

Would you rather be an Athenian or Spartan? Speech Activity

SIMILARITIES -Military Oligarchy -Military society -Trade and travel not allowed -Military training for all boys -Girls to be trained to be mothers of soldiers -Women obey men but they could own property and had rights. -Army -Located inland -Direct Democracy -Only male citizens Involved in government -trade with other city-states -Education for the boys only -Boys/men served in the Military at 18 for 2 years -Women were not equal -Navy -Located by the water -same language -Olympics -city-states -located in Greece -same gods and religious beliefs DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES

Athens vs. Sparta

AIM: Should Greece be credited for the foundations of Western Civilization? Do Now: Based on what you already know about the Greek city-states, if you had to fight in a war with either Sparta or Athens, would you want to be in the Spartan army or the Athenian army? Support your answer with EVIDENCE!

The Persian Wars • The Expansion of the Persian Empire • The Ionian Revolt • The Battle of Marathon • The Battle of Thermopylae • The Battle of Salamis

THREE MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE PERSIAN WARS • 1) More than ever before Spartans, Athenians and residents of other Greek city-states referred to themselves collectively as “Greeks” • 2) Greeks had new level of confidence • 3) Athens enters a Golden Age

Athens • One of the most important ancient Greek city-states • Birthplace of democracy • Modern foundations – art, literature, philosophy democracy demokratia demo: the people kratia: power or rule rule by the people

The Agora • Agora = marketplace • Place for recreation • Men socialized there

Greek Achievements • Architecture: • Greek Columns: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian • Parthenon • Geography, Astronomy • Equator, latitude and longitude, equinoxes, eclipses • Medicine • Hippocrates – Hippocratic Oath • Zoology • Evolution, natural selection • Military • Phalanx

Achievements • Engineering • Lever, force • Mathematics • Euclid - Geometry, Pythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem • Physics • Atoms, protons, neutrons, repelling forces • Theatre, poetry & drama • Tragedies and comedies • Sports • Olympics

Thinkers, Artists, Philosophers • Herodotus – historian • Socrates, Plato, Aristotle – philosophers • Logic (rational thinking) and rhetoric (art of skillful speaking) • Archimedes – inventor • Pericles – father of democracy • Homer – writer • Phidias - sculptor

The Greeks: Crucible of Civilization Video Activity

Aim: Does Alexander deserve his reputation of ‘the great’? Do Now:What characteristics do you associate with a hero? What characteristics do you associate with a villain? Aim: Was Alexander the Great a hero or a villain?

The Downfall – The Peloponnesian War • Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination. • Sparta & other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League • 431 B.C.E warfare broke out between Athens and Sparta – lasted 27 years

The Peloponnesian War • Sparta had the geographic advantage • Pericles took in surrounding peoples to Athens – • Overcrowding led to disaster • Pericles died from plague – unfit successors • Committed savage acts against each other • Ex: Sparta allied itself with Persia

The Peloponnesian War • Spartans captured Athens, but did not destroy the city. • For the next century, fighting continued to disrupt the Greek world • By 359 BCE, Macedonia poised to conquer Greece

Macedonia & Greece • In 338 B.C.E the Macedonian army conquered Greece • Athens & other Greek city-states lost their independence. • However, Greek culture spread from the Mediterranean to the borders of India. *All because of Alexander ‘the Great’

Background • Macedonia – rugged, mountainous kingdom • Rulers were of Greek origin and kept ties with their Greek neighbors. • Philip II – lived in Thebes and admired Greek culture • 359 B.C.E gained throne of Macedonia

Philip Conquers Greece • 338 B.C.E – brought all of Greece under his control • Bigger dream -> conquer the Persian empire. • Did not achieve – he was assassinated at his daughters wedding. • Alexander took the throne at 20 years old

Alexander Builds an Empire • With Greece subdued, he moved into Persia • He then moved from victory to victory, marching through Asia Minor to Palestine and south to Egypt and east again to Babylon • With much of the Persian empire under his control, he headed farther east to northern India

Legacy • Died at 32 years old – cause of death still questioned by historians • Assimilation of Culture – local people absorbed Greek culture & in turn Greek settlers adopted local customs • HELLENISM

Exit • Was Alexander the Great a hero or a villain?

AIM: How did Ancient Greece establish itself as a dominant power in the western world?