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Plant

Plant. Structure and Function. Angiosperm structure. Root system depends on shoot for organic molecules Shoot system depends on root for water and nutrients Organ vs. tissue. Plant tissues. Nonwoody plants: Epidermis Wood plants: Periderm replaces epidermis

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Plant

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  1. Plant Structure and Function

  2. Angiosperm structure • Root system depends on shoot for organic molecules • Shoot system depends on root for water andnutrients • Organ vs. tissue

  3. Plant tissues • Nonwoody plants: Epidermis • Wood plants: Periderm replaces epidermis • Water/nutrient absorption vs. cuticle • Root and stem vascular tissue: stele • Ground tissue INTERNAL to vascular: pith • Ground tissue EXTERNAL to vascular: cortex • Protoplast: Cell contents EXCLUDING the cell wall

  4. Plant tissues

  5. Plant tissues

  6. 5 – Leaf structure (688) 6- Stem structure (687) 7 - Root structure (685) 1 – Leaf form follows function 2 – Stem form follows function 3 – Root form follows function For your assigned organ, either list examples of form follows function OR describe the basic structure of it (including tissues and difference between monocot and eudicot). Be prepared to explain

  7. Plant growth • Indeterminate vs. determinate growth • Annuals vs. biennials vs. perennials • Apical meristems  primary growth • Lateral meristems  secondary growth • When does growth happen?

  8. Plant structure

  9. Plant growth

  10. Secondary growth

  11. Plant concept map • Start your concept map with the following categories • Think carefully how you want to integrate the diagrams. They can be hand drawn or cut out from the internet. Many terms can be used to label diagram (still need to be connected to 2 other terms with connecting phrase) • Over the weekend, write out terms, and begin finding connections between terms Plant Reproduction Structure Regulation transport

  12. Water potential review

  13. Transport regulation: Root pressure • Aquaporins: Increase the RATE of osmosis • Cell membrane vs. vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) • Symplast vs. apoplast

  14. Diffusion is only efficient over VERY small distances (less than 100 μm) Bulk flow (driven by pressure) Pathway of water and minerals Guttation: Increasing SA: Root hairs and mycorrhizae Root pressure Root pressure can only push water up 2-3 m. What mechanism delivers water to the top of a Redwood tree?

  15. Push (+ Ψ) or pull (- Ψ)? Ψ outside leaf < Ψ inside leaf Direction of water vapor? TRANSPIRATION! Transpiration How could this allow water to move upward? Film lining air spaces curves as vapor leaves ↑ radius  ↓ Ψ

  16. Transpiration-Cohesion • Water pulled toward airspace film, which pulls on COLUMN of water molecules (cohesion and adhesion)

  17. Transpiration lab instructions • Place plant into tubing UNDER water. Check to ensure there are no air bubbles. Use petroleum jelly to seal • Prediction, interpretation of conditions • Why change units to mL/m2? • Mark which data must be filled in

  18. Stomatal opening/closing • Photosynthesis/transpiration compromise • Sunny, warm, windy days increase evaporation, why? • Adaptations to water loss: Cuticle, biochemical pathways (xerophytes)

  19. Light: Stimulates membrane proton pumpsK+ accumulation Osmosis makes guard cells turgid Stomata open • Depletion of CO2 stomata open • Circadian rhythm,

  20. Phloem movement

  21. Plant reproduction

  22. Plant reproduction

  23. Double fertilization • 1 sperm  egg (zygote- 2n) • 1 sperm  2 polar nuclei (3n)  endosperm

  24. Embryo development

  25. Seed structure • Ovule  seed • Ovary  fruit (controlled by hormones) • Simple (peach, pea pod, nut) vs. aggregate (raspberry) vs. multiple (pineapple)

  26. Seed germination

  27. Phototropism experiments

  28. Phototropism experiment (Went)Extracted the chemical messenger (auxin)

  29. Plant hormones • Know table on pg. 794. Auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene

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