Syed Naquib al-Attas s PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE

3. Western origin � rationalism, dualism, secular ideologies, humanism doctrine and the tragedy concept. The proper use of terms influences people�s thinking. The concept of ta�dib in Islamic education. Phases of Islamization before and after Hamzah Fansuri Before � fiqh After � tasawwuf and kalam

13. Science = ta�wil or symbolic interpretation of the experimental things Science and Qur�anic interpretations are the same in the sense that: (a) Science - obvious meanings and ambiguous meanings (b) Qur�an - muhkamat and mutashabihat