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Animal Farm

Animal Farm. Things are amiss on the Manor Farm. Farmer Jones is not taking good care of his animals, and they are not happy about it. One night, the aged boar Old Major calls a meeting in the barn to discuss a dream he has had….

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Animal Farm

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  1. Animal Farm Things are amiss on the Manor Farm. Farmer Jones is not taking good care of his animals, and they are not happy about it. One night, the aged boar Old Major calls a meeting in the barn to discuss a dream he has had… WARNING: Despite what it may seem like at first, this is no children’s book or cartoon featuring cute talking animals.

  2. Animal Farm • Written by George Orwell • Based on the politics and economics of the Russian Revolution and the rise of Communism in Western Europe between World War I and World War II

  3. Animal Farm • Orwell was politically aware, and Animal Farm is a depiction of and a reaction to the horrors and injustices surrounding the Russian Revolution.

  4. Animal Farm • Orwell watched as the working poor of Russia were tricked, cheated, taken advantage of, murdered, and starved by Stalin and Communist Russian Leadership who filled the minds of the citizens with false hopes and blatant lies.

  5. Animal Farm • One day, Orwell happened to notice a small boy driving a horse. The boy used the whip and reigns to direct the horse. Orwell thought to himself: if only the horse knew his own strength, he would never again allow the boy to dictate his actions.

  6. Animal Farm • Orwell thought: if only the millions of Russian citizens knew how powerful they were, they would rise up and put an end to their tyrannical rule. But they didn’t rise up. Why not? • Orwell wrote Animal Farmto illustrate what happens to people in this very situation. • He cast his characters as working animals on an ineffectively run farm, and then let the story tell itself.

  7. Russian History Czar (King) Nicholas Romanov II • Ruler of Russia prior to the Revolution • He grew rich as the people remained poor and hungry

  8. Russian History Karl Marx • A German philosopher who developed the idea of “Communism” • Communism is a system of economics and government where the government owns all property, but the citizens own the government. • The idea is “from each according to his ability to each according to his needs.”

  9. Russian History Vladimir Lenin • Translated ideas of Communism into Russian • Inspired the people of Russia to revolt against the Czar • Encouraged workers and citizens of Russia to understand their power • After the Revolution, was the leader of Russia

  10. Russian History Leon Trotsky • Believed in Marx and Lenin’s ideas of Communism • Considered highly intelligent and articulate • A “planner” who (most believe) wanted to design a better system of economics and government for the people of Russia

  11. Russian History Joseph Stalin • Had a “checkered past” filled with criminal acts • Not considered a particular articulate or intelligent leader • A ruthless military and government leader

  12. Russian History The Secret Police • Established in 1917 by Lenin • Originally called the cheka, then in 1922 was called the NKVD • Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del • Ran labor camps, controlled food supplies; assassinated and intimidated • In the 1950s, became known as the KGB

  13. A VERY basic timeline of the Russian Revolution… • Czar Nicholas II is in power in Russia • 1905: “Bloody Sunday” ~ Citizens gather at the Czar’s home in St. Petersburg asking for help. The Czar’s troops fire into the crowd, killing many. • 1917: “The February Revolution” ~ Lenin and others use violent street protests and attacks to remove Czar Nicholas II from power. • 1917: “The October Revolution” ~ In a “bloodless” revolution, Lenin takes control of the new Communist Russia. • 1918: Russia splits into Civil War. ~ Lenin orders the “Red Terror” where secret police round up and execute opponents of the new Communist government.

  14. 1922: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is established. Lenin, in essence has two people next in power under him: Stalin is named Secretary General of the USSR Trotsky is Lenin’s “second in command” 1922: Lenin suffers a crippling stroke. 1924: Lenin dies. Stalin and Trotsky, essentially of the same rank under Lenin, negotiate for power. Stalin circulates lies about Trotsky and questions his loyalty to the communist leadership. As a result, Stalin emerges in power. 1928: “The Five Year Plan” ~ Stalin announces the first of several “Five Year Plans” to make the USSR a modern, industrial country—aiming for the goal of being the most powerful country in the world.

  15. 1929: Trotsky is exiled from the USSR on false charges of treason. 1932: Stalin revokes Trotsky’s citizenship, so Trotsky can never return to the USSR legally. Stalin’s power remains unchallenged. 1939: Stalin and Hitler sign a secret agreement dividing up Poland and other territories in Eastern Europe. Hitler later violates this and other agreements he made with Stalin. 1940: Trotsky is assassinated in Mexico. Stalin goes on to “purge” millions of people who either resist his orders or do not subscribe to his vision. His government murdered, starved, or otherwise caused the deaths of between 6 and 22 million Russian citizens.

  16. 1941: Nazi Germany invades the USSR, violating prior secret agreements between Russia and Germany. 1941: The United States and Stalin’s USSR become allies in World War II. Though Stalin was responsible for millions of deaths in his own country (through work camps and political assassinations, just like Hitler), the US ignores this. 1941-45: The US and Stalin remain allies until the end of World War II. 1945: The “Cold War” begins as deception between the USSR and the US causes distrust and the preparation for war between the US an USSR. The “Cold War” lasts until the USSR breaks apart in 1991.

  17. DEMOCRACY The people rule through elected representatives. Rights of the individuals are guaranteed by law. DICTATORSHIP All power is in the hands of a single individual who holds all authority. The orders of the dictator must be followed, or else! SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

  18. CAPITALISM Individuals earn ownership of property and money. You can make your life better through hard work and earning a wage. With your wage, you can purchase what you want. COMMUNISM All property is shared; all belongs to the government, but the people “own” the government. No wages—no need to buy anything since the government provides everything. ECONOMIC THEORIES

  19. CAPITALISM The rich can easily become more rich, they have more resources. There are economic classes: the very rich and the very poor. COMMUNISM No one can become richer, since no one owns property. There is no poverty and no upper economic class, since the government provides equally for all. ECONOMIC THEORIES

  20. CAPITALISM External motivation: money, wealth, success. Economic Competition COMMUNISM Internal motivation: serving the common good without special reward. Economic Community ECONOMIC THEORIES

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